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Kinnelon, New Jersey

Coordinates: 40°58′55″N 74°23′09″W / 40.982036°N 74.385896°W / 40.982036; -74.385896
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Kinnelon, New Jersey
Borough
Tripod Rock in Pyramid Mountain County Park
Tripod Rock in Pyramid Mountain County Park
Official seal of Kinnelon, New Jersey
Seal
Location of Kinnelon in Morris County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Morris County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
Location of Kinnelon in Morris County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Morris County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
Census Bureau map of Kinnelon, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Kinnelon, New Jersey
Kinnelon is located in Morris County, New Jersey
Kinnelon
Kinnelon
Location in Morris County
Kinnelon is located in New Jersey
Kinnelon
Kinnelon
Location in New Jersey
Kinnelon is located in the United States
Kinnelon
Kinnelon
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40°58′55″N 74°23′09″W / 40.982036°N 74.385896°W / 40.982036; -74.385896[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Morris
IncorporatedMarch 21, 1922
Named forFrancis S. Kinney
Government
[6]
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorJames J. Freda (R, term ends December 31, 2026)[3][4]
 • Municipal clerkKaren Iuele[5]
Area
[7]
 • Total
19.25 sq mi (49.86 km2)
 • Land18.04 sq mi (46.73 km2)
 • Water1.21 sq mi (3.13 km2)  6.27%
 • Rank146th of 565 in state
10th of 39 in county[1]
Elevation
[8]
699 ft (213 m)
Population
 (2020)[9][10]
 • Total
9,966
 • Estimate 
(2023)[9][11]
10,009
 • Rank246th of 565 in state
20th of 39 in county[12]
 • Density552.8/sq mi (213.4/km2)
  • Rank437th of 565 in state
33rd of 39 in county[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07405[13][14]
Area code(s)201 and 973[15]
FIPS code3402737110[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0885269[1][18]
Websitewww.kinnelonboro.org

Kinnelon (/ˈkɪnəlɒn/[19]) is a borough in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located approximately 33 miles (53 km) west of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 9,966,[9][10] a decrease of 282 (−2.8%) from the 2010 census count of 10,248,[20][21] which in turn reflected an increase of 883 (+9.4%) from the 9,365 counted in the 2000 census.[22] It is a low-density, suburban community, with many parks and trails.

Once known as Charlotteburg, Kinnelon was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 20, 1922, from portions of Pequannock Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 21, 1922.[23][24][25] The borough's name comes from Francis S. Kinney, who purchased 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land in the 1880s for an estate that included Lake Kinnelon, and built St. Hubert's Chapel in 1886 on an island in the lake.[26][27]

Kinnelon is home to Smoke Rise, a private gated community that describes itself as one of the oldest gated communities in the United States.[28] It includes more than 900 unique homes located on 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) in addition to Lake Kinnelon and Kitty Ann Mountain.[26]

In 2012, Forbes.com listed Kinnelon as 462nd in its listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $630,414.[29]

The borough is one of the state's highest-income communities.[30] Based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) for 2014–2018, Kinnelon residents had a median household income of $156,048, almost double the statewide median of $79,363.[31][32][33]

History

[edit]

Then still part of Pequannock Township and known as Charlotteburg (named after Charlotte, wife of King George III of Great Britain), early settlements in the Kinnelon area date back to the late 17th century when iron forges and furnaces were first established. Mining and forest cropping were major occupations of the earliest settlers. The construction of the Morris Canal in the early 1820s led to a significant decline in the mining industry, after which the land was sold over time.[34]

During the early part of the 20th century, like much of Morris County at the time, the area became a haven for the wealthy who were attracted by the isolation and natural beauty.[35][36] The most notable example of this was Francis S. Kinney, a 19th-century industrialist who founded Kinney Brothers Tobacco Company and built an estate that dates back to 1883.[37]

One of the largest private holdings in Morris County at any time, Kinney purchased upwards of 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land and built a large "summer cottage" known as Smoke Rise, which is a translation of the Pequannock Native American name for the mountainous area, where a heavy mist often rises at sunset. His son, Morris Kinney, for whom the borough of Kinnelon was named 41 years later, lived most of his life on the estate.[38]

On February 20, 1922, with only 400 full-time residents, Kinnelon was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature from portions of Pequannock Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 21, 1922.[23][24][25]

After the First World War, some residential development occurred in the borough. In 1925, Frank Fay Jr., a real estate developer, along with his son Frank Fay III, purchased 240 acres of farmland that boasted a small pond, later known as West Lake, to create a summer lake community called Fayson Lakes. The Fays advertised Fayson Lakes widely with ads being placed in The New York Times and New Jersey newspapers; heavily promoting its accessibility and proximity to New York City.

In 1931, an adjoining property featuring a small lake, later known as East Lake, was incorporated into the community. By 1938, an additional parcel of land was purchased and eventually dammed to create a third lake, known as South Lake, in the 1950s. Most homes in the community remained summer residences until the Second World War. Fayson Lakes remains Kinnelon's highest density area.[34]

Upon Morris Kinney's death in 1945, he left the estate to longtime friend John Talbot Sr., former mayor of the borough, and a founder of the Chilton Memorial Hospital, Pompton Plains (John Talbot Sr. was a real estate developer in New York City and a patron of the arts and was credited with the revival of ballet as a major art form in the United States in the 1930s), as a tribute to their lifetime friendship and mutually shared love of Smoke Rise.

Following the Second World War, the need for suburban housing became evident, John Talbot Sr. went on to create The Smoke Rise Club, one of the earliest community club plans in the United States. Unlike many developers, he insisted that the land be kept in its natural state as far as possible.[39] When friends asked to purchase land on the estate to build homes, Talbot decided to develop a planned community designed primarily to serve New York corporation executives. The Smoke Rise Club was the result in November 1946.[40]

Talbot's intention was to develop the property as a residential club community akin to Tuxedo Park in nearby Orange County, New York; envisioning a community of architect-designed houses suitable for ideal country living. By October 1951, more than 100 families were living in Smoke Rise and community services at St. Hubert’s Chapel were revived for the first time since 1923, when it was used as a private chapel.[41][42] The development of Smoke Rise largely spurred much of the borough's growth and rising home values in the 1950s; enhancing Kinnelon's standing as a residential suburb.[34]

Since the inception of Smoke Rise, there has been nearly double-digit growth in the borough which today consists of three primary sections, Kinnelon proper, Fayson Lakes, and Smoke Rise. In 2005, it was estimated that Fayson Lakes and Smoke Rise accounted for about 42% of all borough households.[43][44]

In 2000, Kinnelon had the highest home ownership rate in the state.[43]

In 2012, Forbes.com listed Kinnelon as 462nd in its listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $630,414.[45]

Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 19.24 square miles (49.82 km2), including 18.03 square miles (46.70 km2) of land and 1.21 square miles (3.13 km2) of water (6.27%).[1][2]

The borough is home to Silas Condict County Park, which covers 1,000 acres (400 ha) and was dedicated in 1964.[46] Tripod Rock is located in Kinnelon's Pyramid Mountain Natural Historical Area, portions of which are located in the borough.[47] Its largest lake is Lake Kinnelon, which is within Smoke Rise, a private gated community of 900 homes located on 3,500 acres (1,400 ha).[26]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Bald Hill, Brook Valley, Charlottesburg, Fayson Lakes, Ideal Lake, Jacksonville, Saw Mill Pond, Smoke Rise, Stickle Pond, Sun Tan Lake, Surprise Lake and Untermeyer Lake.[48]

Splitrock Reservoir is 625 acres (2.53 km2) of wilderness, located on the borders of Kinnelon and Rockaway Township.[49]

The highest mountain in Kinnelon is Kitty Ann Mountain. Located in Smoke Rise, the mountain offers views of northern New Jersey at an elevation of 1,140 feet (350 m) from the Smoke Rise Tower.[50]

Portions of the borough are owned by the City of Newark, Essex County, for their Pequannock River Watershed, which provides water to the city from an area of 35,000 acres (14,000 ha) that also includes portions of Hardyston Township, Jefferson Township, Rockaway Township, Vernon Township and West Milford.[51][52]

Kinnelon borders the municipalities of Boonton Township, Butler, Lincoln Park, Montville, Pequannock Township, Riverdale and Rockaway Township in Morris County; and West Milford in Passaic County.[53][54][55]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930428—
194074574.1%
19501,35081.2%
19604,431228.2%
19707,60071.5%
19807,7702.2%
19908,4709.0%
20009,36510.6%
201010,2489.4%
20209,966−2.8%
2023 (est.)10,009[9][11]0.4%
Population sources:1930[56]
1940–2000[57] 2000[58][59]
2010[20][21] 2020[9][10]

2010 census

[edit]

The 2010 United States census counted 10,248 people, 3,472 households, and 2,927 families in the borough. The population density was 569.7 per square mile (220.0/km2). There were 3,600 housing units at an average density of 200.1 per square mile (77.3/km2). The racial makeup was 93.05% (9,536) White, 0.91% (93) Black or African American, 0.05% (5) Native American, 4.26% (437) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.51% (52) from other races, and 1.22% (125) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.08% (418) of the population.[20]

Of the 3,472 households, 41.8% had children under the age of 18; 74.4% were married couples living together; 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present and 15.7% were non-families. Of all households, 12.8% were made up of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.24.[20]

27.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 19.0% from 25 to 44, 35.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 99.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 95.8 males.[20]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $129,664 (with a margin of error of +/− $11,416) and the median family income was $144,318 (+/− $7,698). Males had a median income of $98,094 (+/− $7,382) versus $71,886 (+/− $9,897) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $56,826 (+/− $3,939). About 1.4% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.[60]

2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 United States census[16] there were 9,365 people, 3,062 households, and 2,685 families residing in the borough. The population density was 523.5 inhabitants per square mile (202.1/km2). There were 3,123 housing units at an average density of 174.6 per square mile (67.4/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 95.60% White, 0.58% African American, 0.04% Native American, 2.84% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.33% of the population.[58][59]

There were 3,062 households, out of which 45.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.6% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.3% were non-families. 9.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.27.[58][59]

In the borough the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.[58][59]

The median income for a household in the borough was $105,991, and the median income for a family was $110,593. Males had a median income of $88,870 versus $65,069 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $45,796. About 2.3% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.[58][59]

Club communities

[edit]
Smoke Rise East Gate Entrance

Kinnelon is home to two club communities: Smoke Rise and Fayson Lakes. In 2005, about 42% of the borough's total households resided between these two communities.[61]

Smoke Rise

[edit]

Smoke Rise is a private gated residential community established in 1946.[40][62] It is one of the oldest gated communities in the United States, boasting over 900 unique homes located on 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) in addition to Lake Kinnelon and Kitty Ann Mountain.[26][28]

Fayson Lakes

[edit]

Fayson Lakes was founded in 1925 around three lakes located in the southeastern corner of the borough. It is named for the developers who started the community, Frank Fay Jr. and his son Frank Fay III. It has a variety of homes of different sizes and styles ranging from rustic winterized cabins to opulent custom-built homes.[26]

Parks and recreation

[edit]
1152 feet
The Kittatinny Valley on top of frozen Lake Kinnelon, next to Kitty Ann Mountain, which reaches 1,152 feet (351 m) in height
  • Silas Condict County Park was established in 1963 and includes picnic areas, athletic fields, hiking trails, and the Casino, an old house that was used as a speakeasy in the Prohibition era. The Casino is used for parties, rentals, and other events. Home to a large lake for fishing and paddle boating, paddle boats are available to rent. The park is operated by the Morris County Park Commission.[46]
  • Stony Brook Park features recreational areas and playgrounds surrounded by a lake.[63]

Economy

[edit]
  • Meadtown Shopping Center – a shopping center located on Route 23 in Kinnelon. It features numerous stores and restaurants.

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]

Kinnelon is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[64] The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[6] The borough form of government used by Kinnelon is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[65][66]

As of 2023, the mayor of Kinnelon is Republican James J. Freda, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026.[3] Members of the Borough Council are Council President Sean Mabey (R, 2023), Randall I. Charles (R, 2023), Anthony Chirdo (R, 2025), Eric Harriz (R, 2025), Vincent Russo (R, 2024) and William Yago (R, 2024).[67][68][69][70][71][72][73]

Vincent Russo was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2018 that had been held by Carol M. Sventy. In January 2018, James Lorkowski was appointed to fill the seat expiring in December 2019 that had been held by James Freda.

In January 2017, Glenn Sisco was selected from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee and appointed to fill the council seat expiring in December 2017 that had been held by Adam N. Barish; Sisco, served on an interim basis until the November 2017 general election.[74] Sisco served as the mayor of Kinnelon for 42 years, making him one of the longest-serving mayors in the state of New Jersey.[75]

In March 2016, the Borough Council unanimously selected William Neely from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2016 that had been held by Stephen Cobell until his resignation the previous month after nearly 12 years in office; Neely will serve on an interim basis until the November 2016 general election, when voters will choose a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.[76]

Selected by a 3–2 majority of the borough council from among three potential candidates, Clifford Giantonio was sworn into office in April 2014 to fill the vacant seat of Ronald Mondello, who had resigned in the previous month citing personal and work conflicts.[77]

Public safety

[edit]

Since 1939, the borough of Kinnelon has been protected by the Kinnelon Police Department, which provides 24/7 coverage.[78]

Since 1930, the Kinnelon Volunteer Fire Department has protected the borough. This organization is staffed 100% by volunteers from in and around the borough and responds to emergencies in Kinnelon and surrounding towns as part of the Morris County Mutual Aid Agreement.[79]

Various organizations are responsible for emergency medical services, some of which are Atlantic Health, Morris County Office of Emergency Management, and the Tri-Boro First Aid Squad.[80]

Federal, state and county representation

[edit]

Kinnelon is located in the 11th Congressional District[81] and is part of New Jersey's 25th state legislative district.[82]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 11th congressional district is represented by Mikie Sherrill (D, Montclair).[83] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[84] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[85][86]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 25th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Anthony M. Bucco (R, Boonton Township) and in the General Assembly by Christian Barranco (R, Jefferson Township) and Aura K. Dunn (R, Mendham Borough).[87]

Morris County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large in partisan elections to three-year terms on a staggered basis, with either one or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election.[88] Actual day-to-day operation of departments is supervised by County Administrator Deena Leary.[89]: 8  As of 2024, Morris County's Commissioners are:

John Krickus (R, Chatham Township, 2024),[90] Director Christine Myers (R, Harding, 2025),[91] Douglas Cabana (R, Boonton Township, 2025),[92] Thomas J. Mastrangelo (R, Montville, 2025),[93] Deputy Director Stephen H. Shaw (R, Mountain Lakes, 2024),[94] Deborah Smith (R, Denville, 2024)[95] and Tayfun Selen (R, Chatham Township, 2026)[89]: 2 [96]

The county's constitutional officers are: Clerk Ann F. Grossi (R, Parsippany–Troy Hills, 2028),[97][98] Sheriff James M. Gannon (R, Boonton Township, 2025)[99][100] and Surrogate Heather Darling (R, Roxbury, 2024).[101][102]

Politics

[edit]

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 7,122 registered voters in Kinnelon, of which 1,117 (15.7%) were registered as Democrats, 3,310 (46.5%) were registered as Republicans and 2,694 (37.8%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to another party.[103]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 65.5% of the vote (3,497 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 33.2% (1,772 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (68 votes), among the 5,354 ballots cast by the borough's 7,463 registered voters (17 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 71.7%.[104][105] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 62.4% of the vote (3,638 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 36.1% (2,105 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (55 votes), among the 5,829 ballots cast by the borough's 7,334 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.5%.[106] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 64.4% of the vote (3,517 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 34.7% (1,895 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (35 votes), among the 5,463 ballots cast by the borough's 6,955 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 78.5.[107]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.3% of the vote (2,419 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 23.5% (754 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (41 votes), among the 3,260 ballots cast by the borough's 7,424 registered voters (46 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 43.9%.[108][109] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 66.2% of the vote (2,669 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 25.6% (1,032 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.9% (237 votes) and other candidates with 1.5% (61 votes), among the 4,034 ballots cast by the borough's 7,167 registered voters, yielding a 56.3% turnout.[110]

Education

[edit]

The Kinnelon Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[111] As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,670 students and 165.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.1:1.[112] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[113]) are Kiel Elementary School[114] with 312 students in grades Pre-K–2, Stonybrook Elementary School[115] with 346 students in grades 3–5, Pearl R. Miller Middle School[116] with 427 students in grades 6–8 and Kinnelon High School[117] with 570 students in grades 9–12.[118][119][120] In 2016, Kinnelon High School was named #3 in the state by New Jersey Monthly magazine, the school's highest ranking ever in the magazine's biannual rankings, and was listed as a top 500 high school by Newsweek.[121]

Our Lady of the Magnificat School, a Catholic school that had been operated since 1964 under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson, closed after the 2009–10 school year in the face of declining enrollment and increasing deficits that the parish could no longer sustain.[122]

Transportation

[edit]
I-287 southbound in Kinnelon

Roads and highways

[edit]

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 54.41 miles (87.56 km) of roadways, of which 44.94 miles (72.32 km) were maintained by the municipality, 7.42 miles (11.94 km) by Morris County and 2.05 miles (3.30 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[123]

Route 23 runs along the northern border of the borough.[124] Interstate 287 passes through in the southeastern area, but the closest exit is along Route 23 in neighboring Riverdale.[125]

Public transportation

[edit]

NJ Transit provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 194 route.[126]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Kinnelon, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Kinnelon include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Mayor, Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed April 26, 2023. As of date accessed, an incorrect term-end year of 2022 is listed.
  4. ^ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Borough Clerk, Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  6. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 121.
  7. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Kinnelon, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 7, 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d e QuickFacts Kinnelon borough, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 14, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  11. ^ a b Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.
  12. ^ a b Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  13. ^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Kinnelon, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  14. ^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 28, 2013.
  15. ^ Area Code Lookup – NPA NXX for Kinnelon, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed August 28, 2013.
  16. ^ a b U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  17. ^ Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
  18. ^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ^ Melisurgo, Len. "Here's the right way to pronounce 25 N.J. town names everyone botches", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, June 23, 2017. Accessed June 22, 2023. "Kinnelon (Morris County) Nope, it’s not ki-NEL-on. It’s actually pronounced KIN-a-lon."
  20. ^ a b c d e DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Kinnelon borough, Morris County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  21. ^ a b Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Kinnelon borough Archived 2018-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  22. ^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  23. ^ a b Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 193. Accessed May 29, 2024.
  24. ^ a b Staff. Acts of the One Hundred and Forty-Sixth Legislature of the State of New Jersey, pp. 19–22. New Jersey Secretary of State, 1922. Accessed October 17, 2015. "An Act to incorporate the borough of Kinnelon, in the county of Morris"
  25. ^ a b Historical Timeline of Morris County Boundaries Archived December 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Morris County Library. Accessed December 24, 2016. "1922, March 21.Kinnelon Borough is established from Pequannock. This area was earlier known as Charlotteburg."
  26. ^ a b c d e Cheslow, Jerry. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Kinnelon, N.J.; Residential Life Amid Natural Beauty", The New York Times, June 1, 2003. Accessed February 15, 2020. "Ms. Dunner Parker knew the area through a brother who lived in Kinnelon's Smoke Rise section, a 3,500-acre, 900-home gated community that describes itself in its promotional literature as 'one of America's most prestigious club communities' and 'elite, yet affordable.' Covering the borough's northwestern quadrant, Smoke Rise's lots are heavily wooded and range in area from 1 to 10 acres, with the most valuable properties fronting on the 19-acre Lake Kinnelon."
  27. ^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 2, 2015.
  28. ^ a b Lurie, Maxin E.; and Mappen, Marc. "Kinnelon", in Encyclopedia of New Jersey, p. 44. Rutgers University Press, 2004. ISBN 9780813533254. Accessed May 21, 2023.
  29. ^ Brennan, Morgan. "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes 2012", Forbes, October 16, 2012. Accessed February 18, 2020.
  30. ^ Cervenka, Susanne. "Rich in New Jersey: Here are the 50 wealthiest towns in the state. Is yours one of them?", Asbury Park Press, July 1, 2019. Accessed August 20, 2020. "37. Kinnelon; County: Morris County; Median household income: $147,267; Percent making more than $200,000: 33.9%"
  31. ^ QuickFacts for Kinnelon borough, New Jersey; Morris County, New Jersey; New Jersey from Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  32. ^ Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  33. ^ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  34. ^ a b c Master Plan, Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  35. ^ Mueller Atlas of 1910: Gilded Age Estates, Part 1, Morris County Historical Society. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  36. ^ Mueller Atlas of 1910: Gilded Age Estates, Part II, Morris County Historical Society. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  37. ^ Municipal Overview: The Borough Of Kinnelon, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  38. ^ Morris County Historic Site Survey, Morris County Heritage Commission, 1986/1987. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  39. ^ Home Page, Smoke Rise Club. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  40. ^ a b History, Smoke Rise Club. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  41. ^ Depalma, Anthony. "Exclusive Tract Gets A Second Chance", The New York Times, August 21, 1983. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  42. ^ "SMOKE RISE PROJECT HAS BUSIEST SEASON", The New York Times, October 7, 1951. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Realty activity at Smoke Rise, club community of 5,000 acres in Kinnelon, near Butler, N.J., has been running one-third heavier this year than in 1950, which was the previous peak period, according to J. Alden Talbot, president of the Smoke Rise Company."
  43. ^ a b Open Space and Recreation Plan 2005, Borough of Kinnelon, March 2005. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Kinnelon continues to be one of New Jersey’s most desirable communities, and as of 2000 it had the highest home ownership rate in the state. (Morris County, 2000 Census Profiles)"
  44. ^ DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update, Morris County, New Jersey, July 2020. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Kinnelon Borough is made up of three primary sections. They are Kinnelon Proper, Fayson Lakes and Smoke Rise (a gated Community but under the jurisdiction of Kinnelon Borough)."
  45. ^ Brennan, Morgan. "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes 2012", Forbes, October 16, 2012. Accessed February 18, 2020.
  46. ^ a b Silas Condict County Park, Morris County, New Jersey Park Commission. Accessed February 25, 2020.
  47. ^ Pyramid Mountain Natural Historic Area, Morris County, New Jersey Park Commission. Accessed February 25, 2020.
  48. ^ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  49. ^ Open Space and Recreation Plan Update – 2012[permanent dead link‍], Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed August 4, 2013.
  50. ^ Open Space and Recreation Plan, Borough of Kinnelon, March 2005. Accessed February 25, 2018. "The lowest point in Kinnelon is just south of the fault zone in the Piedmont Valley at 240 feet.Conversely, the high point is Kitty Ann Mountain at 1,140 feet in the Smoke Rise section of town. Kitty Ann Mountain is where the historic Smoke Rise Tower can be seen."
  51. ^ Primerano, Jane. "Newark appealing watershed taxes against Jefferson" Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, AIM Jefferson, May 8, 2015. Accessed July 2, 2015. "Besides West Milford and Jefferson, Newark owns watershed land in Hardyston, Vernon, and Rockaway Townships and Kinnelon Borough, Leach said."
  52. ^ City of Newark v. Vernon Tp., Leagle from Tax Court of New Jersey, April 1, 1980. Accessed July 2, 2015. "Generally, the lands are part of the 35,000-acre Pequannock Watershed (approximately two times the size of Newark), which was purchased by Newark at the turn of the century to provide a water supply. The watershed, which contains five major bodies of water, is located in Vernon and Hardyston in Sussex County, Jefferson, Rockaway and Kinnelon in Morris County, and West Milford in Passaic County."
  53. ^ Areas touching Kinnelon, MapIt. Accessed February 25, 2020.
  54. ^ Morris County Municipalities Map, Morris County, New Jersey Department of Planning and Preservation. Accessed February 25, 2020.
  55. ^ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  56. ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 – Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 717. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  57. ^ Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  58. ^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Kinnelon borough, New Jersey[permanent dead link‍], United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  59. ^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Kinnelon borough, Morris County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  60. ^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Kinnelon borough, Morris County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  61. ^ Open Space and Recreation Plan, Borough of Kinnelon, March 2005. Accessed May 18, 2023. "Fayson Lakes and Smoke Rise comprise about 42% of the total households in the Borough of Kinnelon."
  62. ^ Principle Purposes, Smoke Rise. Accessed September 24, 2024.
  63. ^ "Stony Brook Park". Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
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  67. ^ Borough Council, Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  68. ^ 2022 Municipal Data Sheet, Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  69. ^ Morris County Manual 2024, Morris County, New Jersey Clerk. Accessed May 1, 2024.
  70. ^ Morris County Municipal Elected Officials For The Year 2024, Morris County, New Jersey Clerk, updated March 20, 2024. Accessed May 1, 2024.
  71. ^ General Election November 8, 2022, Official Results, Morris County, New Jersey, updated November 28, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  72. ^ General Election Winners For November 2, 2021, Morris County, New Jersey Clerk. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  73. ^ General Election 2020 November 3, 2020 Summary Report Official Results, Morris County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  74. ^ Fagan, Matt. "Former mayor appointed to vacant Kinnelon Council seat", The Record, January 4, 2017. Accessed May 7, 2017. "The Kinnelon Borough Council appointed former Mayor Glenn Sisco to fill the seat vacated when Adam Barish stepped down last month during Tuesday night's reorganization meeting. Sisco, 87, had been one of New Jersey's longest serving mayors. He was elected in 1969 and his last term ended in 2010."
  75. ^ Walsh, Deborah. "Glenn Sisco gets a big send-off upon his retirement as Kinnelon's long-time mayor", Suburban Trends, November 29, 2010. Accessed August 7, 2015. "As a tribute to a man who gave so much to this borough in his 42 years as mayor and three years as a councilman, a sold-out crowd attended Mayor Glenn Sisco's retirement dinner at The Brownstone in Paterson on Nov. 21."
  76. ^ Walsh, Deborah. "Kinnelon selects attorney as new councilman", Suburban Trends, April 7, 2014. Accessed September 3, 2014. "Pleased with the quality of all three nominees presented to them, the Borough Council selected Clifford Giantonio, an attorney, to replace Councilman Ronald Mondello, who is also an attorney. Mondello resigned last month because of increased personal and professional responsibilities."
  77. ^ Walsh, Deborah. "Kinnelon selects attorney as new councilman", Suburban Trends, April 7, 2014. Accessed September 3, 2014.
  78. ^ General History of Kinnelon, Westfield Historical Society. Accessed April 20, 2024. "Kinnelon's police department, under the marshall system, was established in 1939."
  79. ^ About us, Kinnelon Volunteer Fire Department. Accessed April 21, 2024.
  80. ^ Tri-Boro First Aid Squad, Kinnelon Borough. Accessed April 21, 2024.
  81. ^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  82. ^ Districts by Number for 2023-2031, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed September 18, 2023.
  83. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  84. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  85. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/23/nyregion/george-helmy-bob-menendez-murphy.html
  86. ^ Tully, Tracey (August 23, 2024). "Menendez's Senate Replacement Has Been a Democrat for Just 5 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  87. ^ Legislative Roster for District 25, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 18, 2024.
  88. ^ Board of County Commissioners, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022. "Morris County is governed by a seven-member Board of County Commissioners, who serve three-year terms."
  89. ^ a b Morris County Manual 2022, Morris County Clerk. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  90. ^ Tayfun Selen, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  91. ^ John Krickus, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  92. ^ Douglas R. Cabana, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  93. ^ Thomas J. Mastrangelo, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  94. ^ Stephen H. Shaw, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  95. ^ Deborah Smith, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  96. ^ Commissioners, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  97. ^ Ann F. Grossi, Esq., Office of the Morris County Clerk. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  98. ^ Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  99. ^ About Us: Sheriff James M. Gannon, Morris County Sheriff's Office. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  100. ^ Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  101. ^ Surrogate Heather J. Darling, Esq., Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  102. ^ Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 1, 2022.
  103. ^ Voter Registration Summary – Morris, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed December 18, 2012.
  104. ^ "Presidential General Election Results – November 6, 2012 – Morris County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  105. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 6, 2012 – General Election Results – Morris County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  106. ^ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Morris County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 18, 2012.
  107. ^ 2004 Presidential Election: Morris County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 18, 2012.
  108. ^ "Governor – Morris County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  109. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 5, 2013 – General Election Results – Morris County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  110. ^ 2009 Governor: Morris County Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 18, 2012.
  111. ^ Kinnelon Public Schools District Policy 0110 – Identification, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed February 25, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Kindergarten through twelve in the Kinnelon School District. Composition: The Kinnelon School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Kinnelon."
  112. ^ District information for Kinnelon School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  113. ^ School Data for the Kinnelon Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 15, 2022.
  114. ^ Kiel Elementary School, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed July 7, 2022.
  115. ^ Stonybrook Elementary School, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed July 7, 2022.
  116. ^ Pearl R. Miller Middle School, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed July 7, 2022.
  117. ^ Kinnelon High School, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed July 7, 2022.
  118. ^ School Administration Contact Information, Kinnelon Public Schools. Accessed July 7, 2022.
  119. ^ School Performance Reports for the Kinnelon School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 1, 2024.
  120. ^ New Jersey School Directory for the Kinnelon Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.
  121. ^ Walsh, Deborah. "Kinnelon High School named No. 3 in state", Suburban Trends, August 26, 2016. Accessed January 2, 2017. "Although the Kinnelon school district was happy to receive word that Kinnelon High School (KHS) made Newsweek's Top 500 high schools in the nation, it received more good news that might even trump that accolade. KHS was named No. 3 on New Jersey Monthly's 2016 Top High School's list. The third berth is Kinnelon's best ever showing on the magazine's biennial list."
  122. ^ Dinges, Tomas. "Kinnelon parochial school closing due to declining enrollment", The Star-Ledger, June 28, 2010. Accessed August 10, 2011.
  123. ^ Morris County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  124. ^ Route 23 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2017. Accessed December 14, 2022.
  125. ^ Interstate 287 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed December 14, 2022.
  126. ^ Riding the Bus, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed April 26, 2023.
  127. ^ Lewis, Brian. "Chatting with Red Bull prospect and U.S. Under-20 striker Juan Agudelo", New York Post, March 4, 2010. Accessed June 3, 2015. "The young striker _ who was raised in Barnegat, NJ but has been living with his godmother in somewhat-closer Kinnelon _ has been receptive to whatever advice Angel has been willing to give, hungry for a mentor that can help take him take his game to the next level."
  128. ^ via Associated Press. "Pick Three Penn State Players", Gettysburg Times, May 3, 1977. Accessed September 7, 2012. "Allerman, a 6-feet-3, 221-pounder, from Kinnelon, N.J., played both inside and outside linebacker at Penn State."
  129. ^ Lowry, Tom. "At Garden, he's the boss", New York Daily News, June 18, 1995. Accessed May 10, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "He and his wife, Jessie, divide their time between their Park Ave. duplex, a spread in Smoke Rise, N J., and a house in the Hamptons."
  130. ^ Nash, Margo. "Theater; To Recreate Ridgefield, It's All in the Local Detail", The New York Times, April 16, 2006. Accessed February 16, 2020. "Laura Benanti, who grew up in Kinnelon, recalls thinking that 'New Jersey was the epicenter of the 80's, at least the Willowbrook Mall was for me.'"
  131. ^ David, Mark. "Missy Elliot Dumps Florida Condo", Variety, May 6, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2020. "As far as we can tell for a search of public property records, Miss Elliot still owns a fairly well secluded, approximately 6,300 square foot residence in Kinnelon, NJ. (That’s about 30 or 35 miles north and west of Midtown Manhattan.) on almost 8 acres that she picked up in October 2000 for $1,190,000."
  132. ^ Hyman, Vicki. "DJ Envy's Kinnelon mansion on market for $2M, bedazzled bathroom and all", NJ Advance Medis for NJ.com, March 16, 2016, updated January 26, 2019. Accessed February 19, 2020. "Nationally syndicated hip-hop DJ RaaShaun Casey, who goes by DJ Envy on Power 105.1 FM's morning show The Breakfast Club and also hosts a Sirius XM show, is looking to leave his lavish Colonial on seven gated acres in Kinnelon."
  133. ^ "Herbert O. Fisher, 81, Test Pilot and Official", The New York Times, August 3, 1990. Accessed February 19, 1990. Accessed February 19, 2020. "Herbert O. Fisher, a test pilot and a retired aviation executive of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, died on Sunday at Chilton Memorial Hospital in Kinnelon, N.J. He was 81 years old and lived in Kinnelon."
  134. ^ Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. "Ray Forrest Is Dead at 83; Nation's First TV Personality", The New York Times, March 21, 1999. Accessed February 19, 2020. "Ray Forrest, who worked for many years at his family's jewelry store in Paterson, N.J., died on March 11 at a hospital near his home in Kinnelon, N.J."
  135. ^ Havsy, Jane. "Kinnelon's Bryan Gallego latest Morris soccer player on the move", Daily Record, August 1, 2014. Accessed August 6, 2015. "Gallego, a defender from Kinnelon, has only been training for a week after surgery on a broken foot. But there it was, a message from U.S. Soccer asking if he was available to join the under-23 national team in training camp in Nassau, Bahamas."
  136. ^ Curley, Bob. "Curly-Cues", The News, May 19, 1971. Accessed May 14, 2024, via Newspapers.com. "This seems to be the case of Dick (Oz) Griebel, who was far from being a ball of fire as a pitcher at Kinnelon High School in 1966 and 1967. Griebel had a 5-6 career record with the Colts.... The next year Dartmouth took the NCAA District title with the 5-11, 175 pounder from Smoke Rise again serving in relief."
  137. ^ Maloney, Tom. "Hanson gets the nod for opener: Jays' newcomer wants to make numbers do the talking for him", The Hamilton Spectator, March 30, 1996. Accessed August 21, 2012. "A 6-foot-6 righthander from Kinnelon, N.J., an unsigned draft pick of the Expos in 1983, an All-American at intellectually demanding Wake Forest in '85, a relentless worker, [Erik Hanson]'s best work as a pro has always seemed right around the corner."
  138. ^ Erik Hanson, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed August 21, 2012.
  139. ^ Brett Hearn Biography, BrettHearn.com. Accessed August 7, 2015. "Hometown: Kinnelon, New Jersey"
  140. ^ Schutta, Gregory. "Where are they now? Former Don Bosco soccer goalie Ian Joyce", The Record, October 22, 2013. Accessed August 6, 2015. "Besides coaching at Bosco, the Kinnelon native and Somerset County resident coaches goalkeepers for the Players Development Academy."
  141. ^ ""Rene Joyeuse 92, was a Swiss, French and American soldier, physician and researcher, who distinguished himself as an agent of Allied intelligence in German-occupied France during World War II and a founding member of the American Trauma Society", The Washington Post, March 28, 2013. "Swiss-born man to rest in Arlington cemetery for spy work in WWII."
  142. ^ "Anne Steele Wins First Prize At MetroStar Talent Challenge", BroadwayWorld, August 20, 2008. Accessed January 27, 2020. "Steele, who beat out her co-finalists Stearns Matthews and Nesha Ward, proved to be the most consistent of the finalists, earning high marks week after week.... Matthews, who is 24, made his professional stage debut in MetroStar. The Kinnelon, New Jersey, native recently graduated from the Westminster Choir College in Princeton."
  143. ^ Ragonese, Lawrence. "Former NFL star accepts Democratic chairmanship in Kinnelon", The Star-Ledger, February 9, 2009. Accessed September 9, 2009.
  144. ^ William A. Pailes, NASA. Accessed August 28, 2012. "Born June 26, 1952, in Hackensack, New Jersey, but considers Kinnelon, New Jersey, to be his hometown.... Graduated from Kinnelon High School, Kinnelon, New Jersey, 1970."
  145. ^ Kolton, Tara. "Kinnelon grad singing her way to the top", Suburban Trends, February 20, 2012. Accessed April 3, 2012. "Kinnelon native Elise Testone has made it to the top 40 finalists of American Idol's season 11.Testone, a 2001 graduate of Kinnelon High School (KHS), endured several tough rounds of cuts in Hollywood to make it to Idol's top 40 during the Las Vegas round, which aired on Thursday night on FOX."
  146. ^ Harry Lancaster Towe, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 8, 2007.
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