Norman Graham Hill (15 February 1929 – 29 November 1975) was a British racing driver, rower and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1958 to 1975. Nicknamed "Mr. Monaco",[b] Hill won two Formula One World Drivers' Championship titles and—at the time of his retirement—held the record for most podium finishes (36); he won 14 Grands Prix across 18 seasons. In American open-wheel racing, Hill won the Indianapolis 500 in 1966 with Mecom. Upon winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1972 with Matra, Hill became the first—and to this date, only—driver to complete the Triple Crown of Motorsport.[c]
Graham Hill | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hill at the 1971 Dutch Grand Prix | |||||||
| Born | Norman Graham Hill 15 February 1929 Hampstead, London, England | ||||||
| Died | 29 November 1975 (aged 46) Arkley, London, England | ||||||
| Cause of death | Plane crash | ||||||
| Spouse |
Bette Shubrook (m. 1955) | ||||||
| Children | 3, including Damon | ||||||
| Formula One World Championship career | |||||||
| Nationality |  British | ||||||
| Active years | 1958–1975 | ||||||
| Teams | Lotus, BRM, Walker, Brabham, Hill | ||||||
| Entries | 179 (176 starts) | ||||||
| Championships | 2 (1962, 1968) | ||||||
| Wins | 14 | ||||||
| Podiums | 36 | ||||||
| Career points | 270 (289)[a] | ||||||
| Pole positions | 13 | ||||||
| Fastest laps | 10 | ||||||
| First entry | 1958 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| First win | 1962 Dutch Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last win | 1969 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last entry | 1975 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| Champ Car career | |||||||
| 3 races run over 4 years | |||||||
| Best finish | 9th (1966) | ||||||
| First race | 1966 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis) | ||||||
| Last race | 1968 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis) | ||||||
| First win | 1966 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis) | ||||||
| |||||||
| 24 Hours of Le Mans career | |||||||
| Years | 1958–1966, 1972 | ||||||
| Teams | Lotus, Porsche, NART, Aston Martin, BRM, Ferrari, Mann, Matra | ||||||
| Best finish | 1st (1972) | ||||||
| Class wins | 1 (1972) | ||||||
Born and raised in London, Hill studied engineering before completing national service in the Royal Navy. He was a member of London Rowing Club from 1952 to 1954, contesting twenty finals and stroking the London crew in the Grand Challenge Cup. He made his racing debut in Formula Three aged 25. He initially joined Lotus in Formula One as a mechanic, before earning a driving debut with the team at the 1958 Monaco Grand Prix and securing a full-time contract. After non-classified championship finishes in 1958 and 1959 with Lotus, Hill moved to BRM in 1960, scoring his maiden podium at the Dutch Grand Prix. BRM fielded the competitive P57 in 1962, with Hill taking his maiden victory at the season-opening Dutch Grand Prix and winning three further Grands Prix as he secured his maiden title, beating career rival Jim Clark and Bruce McLaren. He finished runner-up to Clark the following season, before losing the 1964 title by one point to John Surtees.[d] Hill took multiple wins in 1965 as he finished runner-up to Clark once more in the standings. After a winless 1966 campaign, Hill returned to Lotus to partner Clark.
Helping develop the Lotus 49 for the new Cosworth DFV engines, Hill struggled with reliability throughout 1967, with podiums in Monaco and the United States. Clark was killed after their 1–2 finish at the season opener in 1968, leaving Hill in a close title battle with Jackie Stewart, which Hill won at the final race of the season. In 1969, Hill became a five-time winner of the Monaco Grand Prix, a record he held for 24 years. During the United States Grand Prix, Hill was seriously injured in a crash, breaking both of his legs and ending his season prematurely. After recovering from his injuries, he returned as a privateer in 1970 before competing with Brabham for two further seasons, where he won the non-championship BRDC International Trophy in 1971. Hill founded and competed for Embassy Hill from 1973 to 1975, retiring from motor racing after the Monaco Grand Prix to focus on team ownership and supporting his protégé Tony Brise. In addition to his two championships, Hill achieved 14 race wins, 13 pole positions, 10 fastest laps and 38 podiums in Formula One.
Outside Formula One, Hill entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans 10 times between 1958 and 1972, winning the latter alongside Henri Pescarolo in the Matra-Simca MS670. He also entered the Indianapolis 500 three times from 1966 to 1968, winning the Borg-Warner Trophy at his first attempt. Throughout his early years, Hill also competed in the British Saloon Car Championship, topping his class in 1963, and entered six seasons of the Tasman Series, finishing runner-up to Stewart in 1966. In November 1975, Hill and five other Embassy Hill executives, including Brise, were killed when the Piper PA-23 Aztec aircraft Hill was piloting crashed in low-visibility conditions in north London whilst returning from a test session for the Hill GH2 at the Circuit Paul Ricard. Embassy Hill subsequently shut down ahead of the 1976 season. Hill's son Damon went on to win the World Drivers' Championship in 1996, becoming the first father-and-son World Drivers' Champions. Hill was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990.
Early life
editHill was born in Hampstead, London, one of two sons of stockbroker Norman Herbert Devereux Hill, of Belsize Park, and his wife Constance Mary, née Philp.[2] He attended Hendon Technical College and joined Smiths Instruments as an apprentice engineer. He was conscripted into the Royal Navy and served as an Engine Room Artificer (ERA) on the light cruiser HMS Swiftsure, rising to the rank of petty officer. After leaving the navy he rejoined Smiths Instruments.[3]
Racing career
edit
Hill did not pass his driving test until he was 24 years old, and he himself described his first car as "A wreck. A budding racing driver should own such a car, as it teaches delicacy, poise and anticipation, mostly the latter I think!"[4] He had been interested in motorcycles but in 1954 he saw an advertisement for the Universal Motor Racing Club at Brands Hatch offering laps for five shillings. He made his debut in a Cooper 500 Formula 3 car and was committed to racing thereafter. Hill joined Team Lotus as a mechanic soon after but quickly talked his way into the cockpit. The Lotus presence in Formula One allowed him to make his debut at the 1958 Monaco Grand Prix, retiring with a halfshaft failure.[5]
In 1960, Hill joined BRM, he won also in that year on 8 May 1960 the Targa Florio in the class Sports 1600 together with a German driver Edgar Barth in a Porsche 718, and won the world championship with BRM in 1962. He was known for his race preparation, keeping records of the settings on his car and working long hours with his mechanics.[6] Hill was also part of the so-called 'British invasion' of drivers and cars in the Indianapolis 500 during the mid-1960s, triumphing there in 1966 in a Lola-Ford.[7]
At the same time, Hill along with his F1 contemporaries competed in the British Saloon Car Championship, scoring several outright wins. He achieved a best finish of sixth overall in 1961 driving a Jaguar Mark 2.[8]
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In 1967, back at Lotus, Hill helped to develop the Lotus 49 with the new Cosworth-V8 engine. It fell to Hill to perform the initial testing of the new car and its engine. After the first shakedown run, Hill quipped "Well, it's got some poke! Not a bad old tool."[9] After teammates Jim Clark and Mike Spence were killed in early 1968, Hill led the team, and won his second world championship in 1968. The Lotus had a reputation of being very fragile and dangerous at that time, especially with the new aerodynamic aids which caused similar crashes of Hill and Jochen Rindt at the 1969 Spanish Grand Prix. A crash at the 1969 United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen broke both his legs and interrupted his career. Typically, when asked soon after the crash if he wanted to pass on a message to his wife, Hill replied "Just tell her that I won't be dancing for two weeks."[10]
Upon recovery Hill continued to race in F1 for several more years, but never again with the same level of success. Colin Chapman, believing Hill was a spent force, placed him in Rob Walker's team for 1970, sweetening the deal with one of the brand-new Lotus 72 cars. Although Hill scored points in 1970 he started the season far from fully fit and the 72 was not fully developed until late in the season. Hill moved to Brabham for 1971–2; his last win in Formula One was in the non-Championship International Trophy at Silverstone in 1971 with the "lobster claw" Brabham. The team was in flux after the retirements of Sir Jack Brabham and then Ron Tauranac's sale to Bernie Ecclestone; Hill did not settle there.
Hill was known during the latter part of his career for his wit and became a popular personality – he was a regular guest on television and wrote a notably frank and witty autobiography, Life at the Limit,[11] when recovering from his 1969 accident. A second autobiography, which covered his career up until his retirement from racing simply called Graham was published posthumously in 1976.[12] A staunch campaigner for road safety, Hill presented a series for Thames Television entitled Advanced Driving with Graham Hill comprising six 30-minute programmes broadcast weekly in June and July 1974.[13] A book accompanying the series giving advice on safer and responsible driving was co-written by him.[14] Hill was also irreverently immortalized on a Monty Python episode ("It's the Arts (or: Intermission)" sketch called "Historical Impersonations"), in which a Gumby appears asking to "see John the Baptist's impersonation of Graham Hill." The head of St. John the Baptist appears (with a stuck-on moustache in Hill's style) on a silver platter, which runs around the floor making putt-putt noises of a race car engine.
Hill was involved with four films between 1966 and 1974, including appearances in Grand Prix and Caravan to Vaccarès, in which he appeared as a helicopter pilot.[15] During a Christmas Eve 1970 special of BBC's Tomorrow's World Hill played against Raymond Baxter on an early computer racing game, with data centre workers Anne Norie and Margaret Watson manning the terminals for the game.[16]
Although Hill had concentrated on F1 he also maintained a presence in sports car racing throughout his career (including two runs in the Rover-BRM gas turbine car at Le Mans). As his F1 career drew to a close he became part of the Matra sports car team, taking a victory in the 1972 24 Hours of Le Mans with Henri Pescarolo. This victory completed the so-called Triple Crown of Motorsport which is alternatively defined as winning either:
- the Indianapolis 500 (won by Hill in 1966), the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1972) and the Monaco Grand Prix (1963–65, 1968, 1969),[17][18] or
- the Indianapolis 500, the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Formula One World Championship (1962, 1968).[19][20][21]
Using either definition, Hill is still the only person ever to have accomplished this feat.
Hill set up his own team in 1973: Embassy Hill with sponsorship from Imperial Tobacco. The team used chassis from Shadow and Lola before evolving the Lola into its own design in 1975. After failing to qualify for the 1975 Monaco Grand Prix, where he had won five times, Hill retired from driving to concentrate on running the team and supporting his protege Tony Brise.
Along with Stirling Moss, Hill put his name to and supported the Grand Prix Midget Championship, which started in 1975, with the aim of bringing low cost motor sport to people who wanted to try a new career.[22]
Hill's record of 176 Grand Prix starts remained in place for over a decade until being equalled by Jacques Laffite.
Family
editHill married Bette in 1955; because Hill had spent all his money on his racing career, she paid for the wedding. They had two daughters, Brigitte and Samantha, and a son, Damon, who himself later became Formula One World Champion – the first son of a former world champion to emulate his father.
The family lived in Mill Hill during the 1960s. The house now features an English Heritage blue plaque.[23] During the early 1970s, Hill moved to Lyndhurst House in Shenley in Hertfordshire. The house is now owned by musician Jeff Wayne.[24] Well known for throwing extravagant parties at his houses to which most of the Grand Prix paddock and other famous guests attended, Hill was universally popular.[25]
Rowing
edit
Before taking up motor racing, Hill spent several years actively involved in rowing. Initially, he rowed at Southsea Rowing Club, while stationed in Portsmouth with the Royal Navy and at Auriol Rowing Club in Hammersmith. He met his future wife Bette at a Boxing Day party at Auriol and, while courting her, he also coached her clubmates at Stuart Ladies' Rowing Club on the River Lea.
In 1952 he joined London Rowing Club, then as now one of the largest and most successful clubs in Great Britain. From 1952 to 1954, Hill rowed in twenty finals with London, usually as stroke of the crew, eight of which resulted in wins. He also stroked the London eight in the highly prestigious Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta, losing a semi-final to Union Sportif Metropolitaine des Transports, France by a length.
Through his racing career he continued to support rowing and London. In 1968 when the club began a financial appeal to modernise its clubhouse, Hill launched proceedings by driving an old Morris Oxford, which had been obtained for £5, head-on into a boundary wall. Hill made three runs to reduce the wall to rubble, and the car was subsequently sold for £15.[citation needed]
Hill felt that the experience gained in rowing helped him in his motor-racing. He wrote in his autobiography:
"I really enjoyed my rowing. It really taught me a lot about myself, and I also think it is a great character-building sport...The self discipline required for rowing and the 'never say die' attitude obviously helped me through the difficult years that lay ahead."
Hill adopted the colours and cap design of London Rowing Club for his racing helmet – dark blue with white oar-shaped tabs. His son Damon and grandson Josh later adopted the same colours with permission from the club.[26]
Death
editHill died on 29 November 1975 at the age of 46 when his Piper PA-23 Aztec twin-engine light aircraft crashed near Arkley in the London Borough of Barnet, while on a night approach to Elstree Airfield in thick fog. On board with him were five other members of the Embassy Hill team who all died: manager Ray Brimble, mechanics Tony Alcock and Terry Richards, driver Tony Brise, and designer Andy Smallman. The party was returning from a car-testing session at the Paul Ricard Circuit in southern France.[27][28][29]
The subsequent investigation revealed that Hill's aircraft, originally registered in the US as N6645Y,[30] had been removed from the FAA register and at the time of the accident was "unregistered and stateless", despite still displaying its original markings. Furthermore, Hill's American FAA pilot certification had expired, as had his instrument rating. His UK IMC rating, which would have permitted him to fly in the weather conditions that prevailed at the time, was also out of date and invalid. Hill was effectively uninsured.[31] The investigation into the crash was ultimately inconclusive, but pilot error was deemed the most likely explanation.[29]
Hill's funeral was held at St Albans Abbey, and he is buried at St Botolph's graveyard, Shenleybury. The church has since been deconsecrated so the tomb now sits in a private garden.
Legacy
editAfter his death, Silverstone village, home to the track of the same name, named a road, Graham Hill, after him[32] and there is a "Graham Hill Road" on The Shires estate in nearby Towcester. Graham Hill Bend at Brands Hatch is also named in his honour. A blue plaque commemorates Hill at 32 Parkside, in Mill Hill, London NW7.[33]
In Bourne, Lincolnshire, where Hill's former team BRM is based, a road called Graham Hill Way is named in his honour. Also a nursery school in Lusevera, Italy, was named in his honour.[citation needed]
Bibliography
edit- Life at the Limit – 1970
- Graham Hill's Motor Racing Book – 1970
- Graham Hill's Car Racing Guide – 1971 (with Mike Kettlewood)
- Advanced Driving with Graham Hill – 1975 (with Neil Ewart)
- Graham – 1976 (with Neil Ewart)
Career results
editCareer summary
editComplete Formula One World Championship results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One non-championship results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete USAC Championship Car results
edit| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | Pos | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | TRE | INDY DNQ |
MIL |
LAN | TRE | SPR | MIL | DUQ | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1966 | PHX |
TRE |
INDY 1 |
MIL | LAN | ATL | PIP | IRP | LAN | SPR | MIL | DUQ | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | - | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 1967 | PHX |
TRE |
INDY 32 |
MIL |
LAN |
PIP | MOS |
MOS |
IRP |
LAN |
MTR |
MTR |
SPR |
MIL |
DUQ |
ISF |
TRE |
SAC |
HAN |
PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 | |||||||
| 1968 | HAN |
LVG |
PHX |
TRE |
INDY 19 |
MIL |
MOS DNQ |
MOS |
LAN |
PIP |
CDR |
NAZ |
IRP |
IRP |
LAN |
LAN |
MTR |
MTR |
SPR |
MIL |
DUQ |
ISF |
TRE |
SAC |
MCH |
HAN |
PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 |
| 1969 | PHX |
HAN |
INDY Wth |
MIL |
LAN |
PIP | CDR |
NAZ | TRE |
IRP |
IRP |
MIL |
SPR |
DOV |
DUQ |
ISF |
BRN |
BRN |
TRE |
SAC |
KEN | KEN | PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 | ||||
Indianapolis 500 results
edit
|
|
- Hill failed to qualify the innovative John Crosthwaite (who had worked with Hill at Team Lotus) designed 'roller skate' car for the 1963 Indianapolis 500 race after crashing in practice. Hill, who had been commuting weekly due to other commitments in Europe, would not wait in the USA while the car was repaired and risk not qualifying or qualifying badly.[36][37]
- Hill's 1966 victory marked the first win by a rookie driver since George Souders' 1927 win and the last until Juan Pablo Montoya's visit to Victory Lane in 2000 (Montoya has also emulated Hill's feat of winning both the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix).
- Hill entered the 1969 Indianapolis 500, but his car (Lotus-Ford Chassis 64/2) was withdrawn during practice along with those of Mario Andretti and Jochen Rindt due to delays rectifying problems associated with hub failure on Andretti's car.
Complete Tasman Series results
edit| Year | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Brabham BT4 | LEV | PUK | WIG | TER | SAN | WAR 4 |
LAK | LON 1 |
6th | 12 |
| 1965 | Brabham BT11A | PUK 1 |
LEV | WIG | TER | WAR 5 |
SAN Ret |
LON 4 |
7th | 14 | |
| 1966 | BRM P261 | PUK 1 |
LEV | WIG | TER | WAR 2 |
LAK 1 |
SAN (3) |
LON 2 |
2nd | 30 (34) |
| 1967 | Lotus 48 | PUK | WIG | LAK | WAR Ret |
SAN | LON | NC | 0 | ||
| 1968 | Lotus 49T | PUK | LEV | WIG | TER | SUR 2 |
WAR 2 |
SAN 3 |
LON 6 |
4th | 17 |
| 1969 | Lotus 49T | PUK Ret |
LEV Ret |
WIG 2 |
TER 2 |
LAK 4 |
WAR 11 |
SAN 6 |
5th | 16 |
24 Hours of Le Mans results
edit| Year | Team | Co-driver | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958 | Team Lotus
|
Cliff Allison
|
Lotus XV-Climax | S 2.0 | 3 | DNF | DNF |
| 1959 | Team Lotus
|
 Derek Jolly
|
Lotus XV-Climax | S 2.0 | 119 | DNF | DNF |
| 1960 |  Porsche KG
|
 Jo Bonnier
|
Porsche 718/4 RS | S 2.0 | 191 | DNF | DNF |
| 1961 |  North American Racing Team
|
Stirling Moss
|
Ferrari 250 GT SWB | GT3.0 | 121 | DNF | DNF |
| 1962 | David Brown Organisation
|
Richie Ginther
|
Aston Martin DP212 | Exp 4.0 | 78 | DNF | DNF |
| 1963 | Owen Racing Organisation
|
Richie Ginther
|
Rover-BRM | ACO Prize | 310 | (8th)* | (1st)* |
| 1964 | Maranello Concessionaires
|
Jo Bonnier
|
Ferrari 330P | P 4.0 | 344 | 2nd | 2nd |
| 1965 | Owen Racing Organisation
|
Jackie Stewart
|
Rover-BRM | P 2.0 | 284 | 10th | 2nd |
| 1966 | Alan Mann Racing
|
Brian Muir
|
Ford GT Mk.II | P 7.0 | 110 | DNF | DNF |
| 1972 |  Equipe Matra-Simca Shell
|
Henri Pescarolo
|
Matra-Simca MS670 | S 3.0 |
344 | 1st | 1st |
- 1963 Rover-BRM ran for the ACO prize for a gas turbine car covering a minimum of 3600 km, not officially classified.
Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
| Year | Team | Car | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | DC | Pts | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958 | Speedwell Stable | Austin A35 | A | BRH | BRH | MAL | BRH | BRH | CRY | BRH | BRH Ret |
BRH | NC | 0 | NC | ||
| 1960 | Team Speedwell | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | +2600cc | BRH | SNE | MAL | OUL | SNE | BRH Ret* |
NC | 0 | ||||||
| Austin Mini Seven | BRH Ret |
BRH | |||||||||||||||
| 1961 | Equipe Endeavour | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE | GOO 2 |
AIN | SIL 1 |
CRY | SIL 2 |
BRH | OUL 2 |
SNE | 6th | 28 | 3rd | ||
| 1962 | John Coombs | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE 3 |
GOO 1 |
AIN 1 |
SIL 1 |
CRY | AIN | BRH Ret |
OUL 1 |
4th | 32 | 2nd | |||
| 1963 | John Coombs | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE 2 |
OUL 1 |
GOO 1 |
AIN 1 |
SIL Ret |
CRY 3† |
SIL | BRH 2 |
BRH | 3rd | 49 | 1st | ||
| John Willment Automobiles | Ford Galaxie | OUL 2 |
SNE | ||||||||||||||
| 1967 | Team Lotus | Ford Cortina Lotus | C | BRH 2 |
SNE 4 |
SIL 3 |
SIL Ret |
MAL | SIL | SIL | BRH Ret |
OUL Ret† |
BRH | 10th | 24 | 2nd | |
| 1968 | Alan Mann Racing | Ford Escort TC | C | BRH | THR | SIL | CRY | MAL | BRH | SIL | CRO | OUL Ret |
BRH | BRH | NC | 0 | NC |
Source:[38]
| |||||||||||||||||
† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.
- Car over 1000cc - Not eligible for points.
Complete Canadian-American Challenge Cup results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Car | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Pos | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | Team Surtees | Lola T70 Mk.2 | Chevrolet | MTR |
BRI |
MOS |
LAG |
RIV 3 |
LVG |
9th | 4 |
Source:[39]
| |||||||||||
Honours and awards
editHill's easy wit and charm helped him become a television personality, notably on the BBC show Call My Bluff with Patrick Campbell and Frank Muir. For a number of years in the early 1970s he appeared as one half of a double act, with Jackie Stewart, as an insert within the BBC Sports Personality of the Year show. In June 1975 he appeared alongside his son, Damon Hill, on the popular television programme Jim'll Fix It.[40] His appearance was later rebroadcast as part of the twentieth anniversary celebrations of the programme in January 1995, with Damon presenting a new segment at the end.[41]
Hill was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1968 Birthday Honours for services to motor racing.[42] In 1990, he was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame.
A one-off BBC Four documentary called Graham Hill: Driven was first broadcast on 26 May 2008.[43]
Notes
edit- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.[34]
- ^ Hill was widely known as Mr. Monaco for his five Monaco Grand Prix victories, a record which stood until Ayrton Senna won his sixth in 1993.[1]
- ^ The Triple Crown of Motorsport is an unofficial achievement of winning the Indianapolis 500, the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. In the modern definition, the World Drivers' Championship is commonly substituted for the Monaco Grand Prix, which Hill won on five occasions.
- ^ In the 1963 to 1965 points system, each driver's best six results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. With all results counted, Hill scored 41 points to Surtees' 40.
- ^ Hill won the 1966 Indianapolis 500.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Knight, Matthew; Stewart, Andrew (27 May 2016). "Monaco Grand Prix: The 'gentleman' racer who ruled on the French Riviera". CNN. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ Dryden, Colin (2004). "Hill, (Norman) Graham (1929–1975), racing motorist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31232. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Graham Hill at Badgergp Archived 10 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^ Naz, Chris (31 August 2015). "GRAHAM HILL: DRIVEN". My Life at Speed. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ Graham Hill in the Monaco Grand Prix, George Phillips Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library.
- ^ "Graham Hill". Motor Sport. 12 June 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Indianapolis 500, Karl Ludvigsen Photograph Collection, Revs Institute, Revs Digital Library.
- ^ Sanson, Jake (22 March 2017). "Ten Racers You Never Knew Raced in the BTCC". DriveTribe. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ Perkins, Chris (19 July 2017). "Watch F1's Greatest Car and Engine Take Their First Laps". Road & Track. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ "GP Report: Rindt Takes First GP Win". Autosport. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Hill, Graham (1971). Life at the Limit. London: Pan Books Ltd. ISBN 0-330-02675-5.
- ^ "Book Review: Graham by Graham Hill with Neil Ewart | F1-nut.com". f1-nut.com. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ Times Newspapers Limited; Monday, 24 June 1974, Issue Number 59122, Page 19, Broadcasting.
- ^ Neil Ewart (1975). Advanced Driving with Graham Hill. ISBN 9780091227814.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)[permanent dead link] - ^ Caravan to Vaccarès: Cast & Crew Archived 15 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine movies.msn.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2007.
- ^ Unknown (1970). "Ex-champion rallies, loses on points". Data Processing News. IBM.
- ^ Dan Knutson (3 June 2003). "Points Race Stays Tight; Montoya Joins Elite Company With Victory". Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
- ^ Henri Boulanger. "Monaco Grand Prix Glitz Draws Rising Stars". IntakeInfo.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
- ^ "Bette Hill with Neil Ewart 1978 p87"
- ^ "Tribute to Graham Hill". lastingtribute.co.ok. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
- ^ Oliver Irish (15 June 2007). "Stick to the day job, Jacques". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
- ^ "Grand Prix Midget Club - About us". gpmidgets.weebly.com. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ "HILL, Graham (1929-1975) | English Heritage". English Heritage. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ "Elstree & Borehamwood Museum Friends Newsletter September 2015" (PDF). elstree-museum.org.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Naafs, Bas (17 November 2017). "Graham Hill: a portrait". DriveTribe. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Dodd, Christopher (2006). Water Boiling Aft: London Rowing Club The First 150 Years 1856–2006. The London Rowing Club. ISBN 0-9552938-0-4.
- ^ "Plane crash kills driver Graham Hill". Pittsburgh Press. (Pennsylvania, U.S.). United Press International. 30 November 1975. p. D-1.
- ^ "After cheating death 20 years, Hill killed in air crash". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. (Florida, U.S.). Associated Press. 1 December 1975. p. 1C.
- ^ a b P J Bardon (29 September 1976). "Report No: 14/1976. Piper PA 23–250 Turbo Aztec 'D', N6645Y. Report on the accident at Arkley Golf Course, Arkley, Hertfordshire on 29 November 1975". HMSO. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
- ^ "FAA Registry (N6645Y)". Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ Viner, Brian (3 March 1999). "Motor racing: Hill driven on by quest for true respect". The Independent. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
- ^ Graham Hill, Google Maps
- ^ "HILL, GRAHAM (1929–1975)". English Heritage. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
- ^ Diepraam, Mattijs (18 January 2019). "World Championship points systems". 8W. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ "Graham Hill Indy 500 Race Stats". Indy500.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Mickey Thompson – Indy 500 1963". Thompson-motorsports.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ Car and Driver August 1963
- ^ de Jong, Frank. "British Saloon Car Championship". History of Touring Car Racing 1952-1993. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Can-Am - final positions and tables". World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2 October 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Jim'll Fix It". Radio Times. 12 June 1975. p. 15. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
- ^ "20 Years of Jim'll Fix It". Radio Times. 29 December 1994. p. 106. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
- ^ United Kingdom list: "No. 44600". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1968. p. 6310.
- ^ "Graham Hill: Driven". BBC Four. BBC. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
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