在先秦古籍中，对长江中下游及其以南的地区，统称为“越”，但这个“越”包含范围非常广，不是单一民族，而是诸多部落的统称。

东瓯在浙江省南部，闽越是今福建省，广东、广西、澳门、海南、越南北部都属于秦末的“南越国”，这些领土涵盖范围很广，而且本已经在秦始皇名下，但如今越南人却否认这一点，他们认为“百越”是越南辉煌的历史的一部分。很多越南人说怀念从前与中国“划江而治”的历史时期，这更令人惊讶不已。

确实，中国自古对边地不甚重视，或者说轻视，对国土辐射的区域不太有要求，甚至称之为蛮夷，问题是越南在历史上从未跟中国“划江而治”过，赵佗也不过是中国的割据政权，秦朝时就已经派兵将岭南诸地尽收囊中，随即设立桂林、南海、象郡三郡来管理。这不，在铁的事实面前，越南网友还是拿出他们的历史来争辩一番，我们看看他们的文章是怎么说的。



越南网友Tran phuong Hung的回答

All the land south of the Yangtze River belongs to the Baiyue tribe, including Vietnam, present-day Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and a part of Fujian. However, in reality, the northern part of the Yangtze River is the true primitive land of China, where the real Han people live. But it was not until Emperor Wu of Han invaded Baiyue in 111 BC that the entire Guangdong, Guangxi, and North Vietnam were occupied by the Han Dynasty for nearly 1000 years, until the late Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Vietnam's original territory included Guangdong, Guangxi, and North Vietnam.

长江以南的所有土地都属于百越部落，包括越南、今天的中国香港特区、澳门特区、海南、广东、广西和福建的一部分，而实际上长江的北部才是真正的原始中国土地，真正的汉族人生活在那里。但直到公元前111年汉武帝入侵百越，从汉朝开始占领整个广东、广西和北越近1000年，直到晚唐。因此，越南原来的领土包括广东、广西和北越。

About 4000 years ago, the civilization of the present East Asian continent (also known as Chinese Mainland) was divided into two by the Yangtze River (also known as the Yangtze River).

大约4000多年前，现在的东亚大陆（也称中国大陆）的文明被长江（也称扬子江）一分为二。

Yangtze River (揚子江 / Dương Tử Giang / 양자강) or Changjiang River (長江 / Trường Giang / 장강) is the longest and biggest river in China, originating in the Tibetan Plateau. It divides the Mainland into 2.

长江或扬子江是中国最长、最大的河流，发源于西藏高原，它将大陆南北方划分为二。

- Southern of Yangzte River: was belonged to Bách Việt (Baiyue or Hundred Of Viet Tribes) (Chinese and Korean character: (百越 / 百粵 / 백월). Among the Bách Việt tribes, there are hundreds of ethnic groups such as Lạc Việt, Âu Việt, Tây Việt, Đông Việt, Mân Việt, Hồ Việt,..etc. These tribes now include Vietnamese, Hongkongers, Cantonese (Guangdong), Guangxi, Hainan, a part of Fujian province...etc. At the time 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, these lands in the Southern of the Yangtze River were belonged to the Bach Viet breed.

-长江以南：曾属于百越或越南百族（中文和韩语字符：(百越 / 百粵 / 백월)。在百越部落，有数百个民族，如越族（京族）、岱依族、泰族、华族、高棉族、芒族、侬族等等，这些部落现在包括越南人、香港人、广东人、广西人、海南人、福建人的一部分，在4000-5000年前，这些位于江南的土地属于百越人种。

The current Vietnamese are descendants of Lac Viet, Au Viet, and the Minyue tribe. Until the Chinese people gradually migrated and eventually surrounded the south of the Yangtze River, occupied the entire land of the Baiyue people, incorporated them into China, and referred to the area south of the Yangtze River as South China (southern China).

目前的越南人是Lac Viet、Au Viet和闽越部落的后裔。直到中国人民逐渐迁徙并最终包围长江以南，占领百越人民的整个土地，将他们并入到中华，并将长江以南地区称为华南（中国南部）。

The other tribes of Bách Việt (Baiyue) finally become "Chinese people" in Hongkong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian...ect like present today but actually, they're Bách Việt (Baiyue) people.

百越的其他部落最终成为香港、广东、广西、海南、福建的中国人，就像今天一样，但实际上，他们是百越人。

Their DNA, culture, and especially their language are completely different from northern dialects (known as Huaxia and later Chinese, etc.), which is why Cantonese has many similarities with Vietnamese in terms of tone, rhythm, understanding, and certain ways of speaking, similar to the way Vietnamese uses phrases and words, and even almost identical.

他们的DNA，文化，特别是他们的语言与北方话完全不同（当时被称为华夏和后来的汉语等），这就是为什么粤语在音调、节奏和理解和说话的某些方式上与越南语有许多相似之处，与越南语使用短语和单词的方式相似，甚至几乎相同。

For example, in Vietnamese, they say 1, 2, and 3, which sounds similar to Cantonese pronunciation and is spelled "Zdack, Yi, Sam", while in Chinese it is spelled "Yi, Er, San", which sounds completely different. Or in Cantonese, "prepare" Vietnamese and "Chuan Bi (quasi pi)", while in Mandarin, "Zhu Bei"... There are also many similarities in culture and food. That's why even though they are all Chinese, in reality and to be honest, they belong to the Baiyue breed. Cantonese and Vietnamese are classified as the same language group.

例如，在越南语中，他们说1、2、3听起来类似于粤语发音，拼写为“Zdack，Yi，Sam”，而汉语拼写为“Yi，Er，San”，听起来完全不同。或者在广东话中“准备”越南语和“Chuan Bi（准皮）”，而普通话是“Zhun Bei”。。。在文化和食物方面也有许多相似之处。这就是为什么他们即使都是中国人，但实际上和诚实地说，他们属于百越（Baiyue）品种。广东话和越南语列为同一语言组。

The Bách Việt (Baiyue) Warrior in Xích Quỷ Kingdom (赤鬼 / Chi Gui / 적귀 나라), Southern of Yangtze River:

赤鬼王国（越南第一个王朝）的百越战士，位于江南：



-North of the Yangtze River: belonging to the Hoa B ắ c 화 group, also known as the Huaxia ethnic group (Huaxia/Hoa H ạ/화하), this is a true and primitive Chinese, also known as the Han (Han/H á n/하) They have been living north of the Yangtze River, from Sichuan in the west to Inner Mongolia in the north. They are also mixed with some other northern nomadic tribes.

-长江以北：属华北人种 / Hoa Bắc화북), 也被称为华夏民族(華夏 / Hoa Hạ / 화하), 这是真实的、原始的中国人，也被称为汉族(漢 / Hán/한). 他们一直生活在长江以北，西至四川，北至今内蒙古。他们还与其他一些北方游牧部落混杂在一起。

Huaxia (North China), later known as the true Han people, speaks in Mandarin, which has pronunciation, intonation, and some vocabulary and understanding methods, different from Vietnamese and Cantonese in Jiangnan. Their cultures also have some differences. Although the Central Plains Dynasty invaded and occupied the Baiyue tribe for nearly 1000 years, assimilating other Baiyue tribes into Chinese, only the Vietnamese retained their true identity as Baiyue people.

华夏（华北），后来被称为真正的汉族人，用普通话说话，普通话有发音、语调和一些用词和理解方式，不同于江南的越南语和广东话。他们的文化也有一些差异，尽管后来中原王朝入侵并占领了百越部落近1000年，将其他百越部落同化为中国人，可只有越南人保留了他们真正的百越人的身份。

However, Viet Nam also has been influenced by China quite a bit, although it has reasserted its independence and sovereignty after Ngô Quyền defeated Chinese people in 938 AD, ending nearly 1,000 years of their rule.

然而，越南也受到了中国的很大影响，尽管它在公元938年吴权击败北方王朝之后重申了自己的独立和主权，结束了他们近1000年的统治。

The Chinese warrior in Yin Shang Dynasty (殷商朝 / Nhà Ân Thương / 은상나라), China:

殷商王朝的中国战士，中国：



Almost 5,000 years ago, there was Hùng Kings Dynasty (writing in Chinese: 雄王 and in Nôm (Original Traditional Vietnamese) or also known as Hồng Bàng Dynasty (鴻龐王朝 / Vương Triều Hồng Bàng / 홍방왕조) was the very first monarchy dynasty of all Bách Việt (Baiyue) in general and Vietnam in particular.

大约5000年前，有一个雄王王朝（中文：英雄王 ；原始传统越南语称为Nôm）或也称为鸿庞王朝(鴻龐王朝 / Hồng Bàng/홍방왕조) 建立了，是百越王朝的第一个君主王朝。

Hùng Kings Dynasty is the mixture of Legendary History (Myth) and Mainstream History. Accoring to the records, Hùng King Dynasty had 18 kings but they reigned all Bách Việt tribes (Hundred tribes of Viet) for 2,622 years. Spanning from the beginning of the rule of Kinh Dương Vương over the kingdom of Xích Quỷ (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) and later known as Văn Lang (文郎 / 문랑) in 2879 BC until An Dương Vương (Thục Phán) overthrown and conquered it in 258 BC.

雄王王朝是神话和主流历史的混合体。根据记载，雄王王朝共有18位国王，但他们都统治百越部落2622年。从公元前2879年泾阳王对赤鬼国的统治开始 (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) ，后来这个国家被称为Văn Lang(文郎 / 문랑)，直到安阳王于公元前258年推翻并征服了它结束。

- Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王 / 경양왕), the first king of Bách Việt and Vietnam:

-涇陽王，百越和越南的第一位国王：



King Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王 / 경양왕) was born on August 15 2919 BC and passed away on January 18 2792 BC (Lunar Calendar / Âm Lịch / 음력).

涇陽王出生于公元前2919年8月15日，并于公元前2792年1月18日去世。

King Kinh Dương Vương's Kingdom was called Xích Quỷ (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) which mean "Red Demon". There were many theories about the name of the kingdom, one of them is because the earth in Southern Yangtze River was red. The true reason is unknown. Xích Quỷ is later known as Văn Lang (文郎 / 문랑) after his grandson (Lạc Long Quân's son) renamed it. While in China, Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi), the older brother of Kinh Dương Vương founded Xia Dynasty (Nhà Hạ / 夏王朝 / 하나라), the first ancient monarchy dynasty of China.

涇陽王的王国被称为赤鬼国，意思是“红色恶魔”。关于这个王国的名字有很多理论，其中一个原因是因为长江以南的大地是红色的。赤鬼后来被称为文郎，以其祖父（龙军的儿子）的名字命名。而在中国，涇陽王的老大哥禹建立了中国第一个古代王朝——夏朝。

- The map of the Kingdom "Xích Quỷ":

（作者所谓）赤鬼国的地图：



+ Yellow: Xích Quỷ Kingdom and later known as Văn Lang, the nation of Bách Việt (Baiyue / 百越 / 百粵 / 백월), since Kinh Dương Vương rule in 2879 BC to 258 BC when Thục Phán or also known as King An Dương Vương of Âu Việt Tribe overthrown the 18th and also the last Hùng King and conquered this kingdom.

黄色区域：从公元前2879年到公元前258年，当Au Vietnam部落接管第18个也是最后一个雄王并征服了这个王国时，被称为赤鬼国或文郎国。

Red: Chinese ethnic group. At that time, China was ruled by the Xia Dynasty, Yin Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty, and then fell into a long war known as the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty". This period included two periods, namely the "Spring and Autumn Period" and the Warring States Period. This period ended when Emperor Qin Shi Huang defeated six other kingdoms, including Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin, establishing the Qin Dynasty and the first unified empire in China.

红色：华夏民族。当时，中国由夏朝、殷商王朝、周朝统治，然后陷入了一场被称为“东周列国时期”的长期战争，这一时期包括两个时期，分别为“春秋时期”和战国时期。这一时期在秦始皇击败其他6个王国时结束，其他6个王国是齐楚燕韩赵魏秦，建立了秦朝，也是中国第一个大一统帝国。

After the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the Qin Dynasty collapsed and China fell into another period of war known as the "Chu Han Conflict", which ended with the victory of Emperor Gaozu of Han and established the Han Dynasty, becoming the longest dynasty in China. Since the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty, he expanded China's territory to the south of the Yangtze River and ruled over Baiyue, especially Vietnam, for 1000 years.

秦始皇死后，秦朝崩溃，中国陷入了另一场被称为“楚汉纷争”的战争时期，并以汉高祖皇帝的胜利而告终，建立了汉朝，成为中国最长的王朝。自汉朝第七任皇帝汉武帝统治以来，他将中国领土扩展到长江以南，统治了百越，特别是越南长达1000年。

- The map of Bách Việt (Baiyue) Tribes and other ethnic groups:

中华大陆地区百越部落和其他民族的地图：



百越

+ Purple: Bách Việt (Baiyue) tribes in Southern of Yangtze River.

紫色：长江以南的百越部落。



华夏族繁衍生息区域

+Black: The Central Plains region north of the Yangtze River, originating from the authentic and primitive Han people over 4000 years ago, also known as the Huaxia people.

+黑色：长江以北中原地区，源于四千多年前真实而原始的汉人，也称为华夏人。

Then, in the reign of the Hùng Duệ Vương (雄睿王 / 웅예왕), the 18th and also the last Hùng King, he lost many lands in Southern of Yangtze River as he could not unified all tribes of Bách Việt and the division of these tribes, they separated from his kingdom to found their own states, the Hùng Duệ Vương, the 18th Hùng King now only rule the Lạc Việt Tribe (雒越部族 / 駱越部族 / 낙월 부족)

然后，在第18位也是最后一位雄睿王的统治下，他在长江以南失去了许多土地，因为他无法统一百越的所有部落，他们与他的王国分离，找到了自己的国家，雄睿王只统治骆越部族。

Then, the leader of the Vietnamese tribe, King Anyang, led his army to fight against the 18th Xiongwang ruled kingdom of Wenlang. The real name of King Anyang is Shu Jian, and the Ouyue tribe is one of the Baiyue tribes. After several battles, in 258 BC, King Anyang won and defeated the 18th male king, merging his Ouyue tribe with the Luoyue tribe to form a new kingdom called "Ouluo". Ouluo was the second dynasty of Vietnam after the Xiongwang Dynasty (also known as the Hongbang Dynasty).

然后，越南部落的首领安陽王率领他的军队与第18任雄王统治的文朗王国作战。安陽王的真名是蜀判，瓯越部落是百越部落之一。经过几次战斗，在公元前258年，安阳王赢得并击败了第18任雄王，将他的瓯越部落与骆越部落合并，形成了一个新的王国，名为“甌駱”。甌駱是越南继雄王王朝（也称为洪邦王朝）之后的第二王朝。



安阳王

Meanwhile, in Northern of Yangtze River, China was ruled under Qin Dynasty since Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Tần Thủy Hoàng / 秦始皇帝 / 진시황제) defeated other 6 states and unified China in 221 BC. But in 210 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang died at the age 49.

同时，在长江以北，自秦始皇（Tần Thủy Hoàng / 진시황제) 公元前221年击败其他6个国家，统一中国。但公元前210年，秦始皇驾崩，享年49岁。

His 18th and youngest son Hu Hai (H ồ H ợ i/호해) was killed by Li Si (L ý T ư / Under the coercion of Tri ệ u Cao/Zhao Gao/조고, Prince Fushu ascended to the throne and was suppressed (Ph ú T ô/Fushu/whatever) because these two evil politicians believed they could manipulate Hu Hai and seize power. Indeed, Hu Hai's original name was "Qin II", meaning "Qin Shi Huang II". During the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, he was corrupt, cruel, and cruel, bringing tremendous suffering to the Chinese people. Since his reign, the Qin Dynasty has declined.

他的第18个也是最小的儿子胡亥(Hồ Hợi / 호해) 被李斯（LýTư / 이사) 和赵高(Triệu Cao / 趙高 / 조고)挟持之下即位，公子扶苏被打压（PhúTô/扶蘇 / 부소)， 因为这两个邪恶的政客认为他们可以操纵胡亥，夺取政权。的确，胡亥的原名是“秦二世”，意思是“秦始皇二世”。秦始皇在位期间，堕落堕落，残暴残暴，给中国人民带来了巨大的苦难。从他统治开始，秦朝就衰落了。

After the fall of Qin Dynasty, China fell in a chaos war called Chu - Han Contention (Sở - Hán Tương Tranh / 楚漢相爭 / 초 - 한 상쟁) which was the battle between Liu Bang of Han state (Hán Lưu Bang / 漢劉邦 / 한의 유방) and Xiang Yu of Chu state (Sở Hạng Vũ, Sở Hạng Võ / 楚項羽 / 초의 항우) since 206 BC to 202 BC.

秦朝陷落后，中国陷入了一场称为楚汉之争的混战，这场战争是公元前206年至公元前202年汉王刘邦和楚王项羽之间的战斗。

There is also Zhao Tuo, a general of the late Qin Dynasty who fled this war. Zhao Tuo established his own kingdom "Nanyue" in 204 and referred to himself as the King of Nanyue. He led his army south and attacked the Ouyue Kingdom ruled by King Anyang. There are also some legends about this war, but I will discuss these legends in the next article on Vietnamese history.

还有赵佗，一位秦朝末期逃离这场战争的秦朝将军。赵佗于204年建立了自己的王国“南越”，称自己为南越武王。他率领军队南下，袭击了由安阳王统治的瓯越王国。关于这场战争也有一些传说，但我将在下一篇关于越南历史的文章中讨论这些传说。

And in 179 BC, Zhao Tuo won, entire Âu Lạc Kingdom was taken over and King An Dương Vương jumped into the ocean to commit suicide after his defeat. Meanwhile, Liu Bang of Han state (Hán Lưu Bang) won the war with Xiang Yu of Chu state (Sở Hạng Võ) in 202 BC, founded the Han Dynasty and declared himself to be Emperor Han Gaozu (Hán Cao Tổ).

公元前179年，赵佗赢得了整个瓯骆王国，安阳国王在战败后跳入海洋自杀。与此同时，汉刘邦于公元前202年赢得了与项羽的战争，建立了汉朝，并宣布自己为汉高祖皇帝。

- Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà / 趙佗 / 조타), the King and later declared to be the Emperor of Nanyue (Nam Việt, 南越 or Southern Yue) Kingdom:

赵佗，国王，后来被宣布为南越王国的皇帝：



赵佗

However, Zhao Tuo is an Anti-Han Dynasty. From outside, he just claimed himself to be a "King" compare to Han Gaozu, a "Great Emperor", but from inside his kingdom, he still claimed himself as Emperor Zhao Wu (Triệu Vũ Đế / 趙武帝 / 조무제). He even worn and performed rituals to Bach Viet's custom when meeting Han envoy, made Han Dynasty (Chinese people) really got angry and yelled at him that he's a Hua Xia (Chinese), not Bách Việt (Baiyue) and told him should not forget who he is and where he came from.

然而，赵佗受命于秦朝，是一个反汉王朝。从外表上看，他只是声称自己是一个“国王”，而不是像刘邦那样称自己为汉高祖，“伟大的皇帝”，但从他的王国内部，他仍然声称自己是赵武帝。 他甚至在会见汉使的时候，按照百越国的习俗穿戴和表演仪式，让汉朝使者很生气，并对他喊道，他是华夏人，不是南越人，告诉他不要忘记自己是谁，从哪里来。

Zhao Tuo was very intelligent, and he even convinced many people from the Ouyue tribe to follow and join him. These events have sparked a debate about whether Zhao Tuo is Chinese or South Vietnamese. Is he meritorious or guilty? Invaders or the first emperor of Vietnam? But most Vietnamese still believe that Zhao Tuo is Chinese, not Vietnamese.

赵佗很聪明，他甚至说服了瓯越部落等很多人跟随并加入他。这些事情引发了一场关于赵拓是中国人还是南越人的争论。他是有功还是有罪？入侵者还是越南第一代皇帝？但大多数越南人仍然认为赵拓是中国人，而不是越南人。

South Vietnam continued until 111 BC, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, when he was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty in China. He led his army to attack the entire South Vietnam Kingdom and all tribes. This historical event marked the beginning of the 1000 year reign of the Central Plains Dynasty in Baiyue, from 111 BC to 938 AD, until the Wu Quan uprising defeated the north, drove them away from Vietnam, and established the Wu Dynasty in Annam. Since Wu Quan, Vietnam has maintained sovereignty until today.

南越一直延续到公元前111年，汉武帝时期，他是中国汉朝的第七任皇帝，率领他的军队攻打了整个南越王国和所有部落。这一历史事件开启了百越1000年的中原王朝统治时期，从公元前111年到公元938年，直到吴权起事打败了北方，将他们从越南驱离，在安南建立了吴朝。自吴权之后，越南一直保持着主权直到今天。

以上正是流行于越南的所谓“史观”，胃口不小，只是玩笑闹大了！越南史上与中国“划江而治”之说，恰好说明越南自古至今就是中国领土的一部分，只不过有时自立称王，而长期为中国行政区的一部分，或称臣为属国，接受中国正式册封为小国。根据近几十年来越方的行为，我们还是要防备越南侵吞土地的野心。