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[nb 1] [nb 2] Societal attitudes toward homosexuality https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/lawmakers-to-introduce-bill-granting-puerto-rico-statehood/ar-BBVjPpb?ocid=spartanntp https://listen.sdpb.org/post/push-lgbt-protection-follows-pine-ridge-marriage-legalization https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/wellness/10-things-amputees-and-people-with-limb-differences-want-you-to-know/ar-AAAMDEe?ocid=spartandhp https://www.patreon.com/posts/26930484 https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/the-last-5-living-navajo-code-talkers-share-their-stories/ar-AAGvEeP?ocid=spartanntp Doug LaMalfa climate denier

Medical procedures/sterilization, hormones, diagnosis, divorce

Morgan's Inspiration Island in San Antonio, Texas https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-lgbtq-hopkins-20160928-story.html Henry Fraser

https://abc7chicago.com/entertainment/piano-virtuoso-with-autism-honored-in-mount-prospect/5265384/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYXeStcjOyg

https://www.povertylaw.org/files/docs/cost-of-being-crime-free.pdf http://www.nprillinois.org/post/crime-free-housing-rules-spread-illinois#stream/0 https://twitter.com/MalumVires/status/1113842427939446785

St. Vincent and the Grenadines lawsuit; Sean Macleish; Chicago

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/sen-richard-burr-is-not-just-a-friend-to-the-health-care-industry-hes-also-a-stockholder/ar-BB13hBiZ?ocid=spartandhp [note 1] Some unions[4]

Major League Sports Leagues

[edit]

Professional sports leagues in the United States

Top-level professional leagues (non-major)
League Sport First season
(Teams)		 Current
teams		 Recent
average
attendance		 Average
salaries		 Refs
Major League Baseball Baseball complicated 30
National Football League American football 1920 (10) 32
National Basketball Association Basketball 1946 (11) 30
National Hockey League Ice hockey 1917 (4) 32
Major League Soccer Soccer 1996 (10) 27
National Lacrosse League Box lacrosse 1987 (4) 15[a] 9,454 (2017) $19,000 [5][6]
National Women's Soccer League Soccer 2013 (8) 10[b] 7,337 (2019) $15,000 [7][8]
Women's National Basketball Association Basketball 1997 (8) 12 6,535 (2019) $72,000 [9]
Major League Rugby Rugby union 2018 (7) 13[c] 4,125 (2018) $45,000 [10]
North American Rugby League Rugby league 2021 14 [11]
Major Arena Soccer League Indoor soccer 2008 16 2,554 (2019–20) [12]
Premier Lacrosse League Field lacrosse 2019 (7) 8[d]
Indoor Football League Indoor American football 2008 17
Major League Cricket Twenty20 cricket 2022 6
National Pro Fastpitch Softball 2004 5
National Women's Hockey League Ice hockey 2015 (4) 6 954 (2018–19) $10-15,000 [13][14]
  1. ^ The 2017 NLL season, whose average attendance was included in this table, featured 9 teams. The league has since expanded to 11 teams for the 2019 season, 13 for the 2020 season, and 15 for the 2022 season.
  2. ^ Number of teams in the current 2021 season. The NWSL is scheduled to expand to at least 11 teams in 2022.
  3. ^ Number of teams in the next MLR season of 2021 (with the 2020 season having been canceled due to COVID-19). The most recently completed season in 2019 had 9 teams.
  4. ^ The PLL merged with the former top-level field lacrosse league, Major League Lacrosse, in December 2020, with the merged league operating under the PLL banner. One MLL team was brought into the PLL; no announcement has been made on the fate of the other 6 MLL teams.

Draft test area

[edit]

In 2013, WTTW interviewed Chicagoan Anthony Roy, First Nation Ojibway Tribe, who has called for a new logo and mascot, who said “…You can’t ignore the history of the time and the ideas and the ideology people of color faced during the creation of mascots. There was forced assimilation and cultural destruction. When the [physical] genocide of the Nation was over, cultural genocide starts. So while children were taken from their families, Native children, …this is alongside the history of sports and the births of sports leagues and many mascots. For instance the residential school my father attended that was around [during] the time of the foundation of the Blackhawks.”[15]

Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War

[edit]
Main articles: Black Hawk and Black Hawk War

Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-She-Kia-Kiak or Black Hawk was born in Saukenuk (modern-day Rock Island, IL).[16] He was a Sac war leader. He fought with the British in the War of 1812 in hopes it would deter white settlement in his homelands. [17]

He rejected the Treaty of St. Louis of 1804 which took his homelands and called for removal west of the Mississippi River.[18]

In 1832, Black Hawk led an armed party of Sacs, Meskwakis (Foxes), Kickapoos, Ho-Chunk (Winnebagoes), and Potawatomis into his occupied homelands.[19] This was in contrast with Sac Chief Keokuk who did not seek to confront the Americans.[20] Eventually, the Black Hawk War began, which was waged in modern-day Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa.[21] During the war, his people faced starvation.[22] He sought to grow corn on his tribal homelands.[23]

The Black Hawk War culminated into what has been described as a massacre[24] and slaughter[25] at the Battle of Bad Axe. US troops shot at Indigenous women, children, and men as they were crossing the river to escape as well as injured Indigenous People as they were drowning.[26] Jeffrey Ostler writes in the Journal of Genocide Research that “The slaughter at Bad Axe is clearly encompassed by Chalk and Jonassohn’s definition of genocide as ‘a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group.’”[27]

After the war, Black Hawk was taken prisoner of war under Lieutenant Jefferson Davis, who would later become President of the Confederate States of America.[28] In his autobiography, Black Hawk described his imprisonment as torture.[29] After the war, Andrew Jackson sent Black Hawk on a tour of eastern cities as a trophy of war[30] to show the strength of the United States.[31] Black Hawk attracted large crowds and grew in fame. However, In Detroit crowds hanged and burned an effigy of Black Hawk.[32] Black Hawk spent the last years of his life in Iowa with his family with the Sacs, where he died.[33] After his death, his grave was robbed and his head was severed. The rest of his remains were stolen later. One historical account says that his remains were stored at a museum which burned down and were destroyed.[34]

PB

[edit]

PB[35][36][37]

Multiple studies have examined the effects of puberty blockers for gender non-conforming and transgender adolescents. Of the studies that have been conducted, they generally indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, are reversible, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals. [38][39][40]

Studies

While few studies have examined the effects of puberty blockers for gender non-conforming or transgender adolescents, the studies that have been conducted generally indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, are reversible, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.[38][39][40]


Efforts to ban puberty blockers are opposed by the American Medical Association,[41] the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP),[42] the American Academy of Pediatrics,[43] the American Psychiatric Association,[44] the Endocrine Society,[45] the American Psychological Association,[46] and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.[47]

[48][49]

the American College of Physicians,[50] the American Academy of Family Physicians,[51] the American Osteopathic Association,[52] the Pediatric Endocrine Society,[53] the US Professional Association for Transgender Health[54]

the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists[55]

Notes: [56] [57][58][59][60][61][62]

Bookmarks [63][64][65][66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81][82] [83] [84] [85] [86][87] [88] [89] [90] [91]

In 2022, over 230 anti-transgender bills were introduced in state legislatures in a coordinated national campaign to target transgender rights.[92] Many of these bills became law. 17 US States have banned transgender people from sports in various capacities. These states include Texas,[93] Arkansas,[94] Florida,[95] Alabama,[96] Oklahoma,[97] Kentucky,[98] Mississippi,[99] Tennessee,[100] West Virginia,[101] South Carolina,[102] Utah,[103] South Dakota,[104] Montana,[105] Iowa,[106] Arizona,[107] Idaho,[108] and Georgia.[109] The passage of legislation against transgender youth has seen increases in calls to Trans Lifeline, a suicide crisis hotline run by and for transgender people.[110]

The Human Rights Campaign has argued that these discriminatory laws are not about protecting women’s sports, but rather are attempts to “undermine the existence of transgender people.[111] Transgender advocates have noted that hormone replacement therapy and testosterone suppression reduces muscle mass and physical strength in transgender women, reducing the possibility of a competitive advantage.[112] Transgender inclusion in sports is supported by the Women’s Sports Foundation, the Women's National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA), the National Women's Law Center, and Athlete Ally as well as United States Women's National Soccer Team Captain Megan Rapinoe, tennis legend Billie Jean King, WNBA Minnesota Lynx coach Cheryl Reeve and WNBA star Candace Parker.[113][114][115][116]

In 2022, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton and the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services opened investigations into parents giving gender affirming healthcare including puberty blockers to children. Such investigations could separate transgender children from their parents.[117] In response, Dr. Melissa Merrick, President and CEO of Prevent Child Abuse America wrote “AG Paxton’s statement stands in direct opposition to the evidence-based care recognized by numerous professional societies, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, Endocrine Society, and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.” “Prevent Child Abuse America knows that providing necessary and adequate medical care to your child is not child abuse, and that transgender and non-binary children need access to age-appropriate, individualized medical care just like every other child.[118]

Reversible

Fully reversible

det [119] [120]

Athletes

[edit]

[121]

Athlete Country Sport Reference
Timothy LeDuc United States United States Skating [122]
Jason Brown United States United States Skating [123]
Eric Radford Canada Canada Skating [124]
Paul Poirer Canada Canada Skating [125]
Kévin Aymoz France France Skating [126]
Guillaume Cizeron France France Skating [127]



2020 Summer Olympics

[edit]

The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed by the coronavirus pandemic, will be held in Summer 2021. According to Outsports, the Tokyo Olympics will have at least 121 publicly out LGBTQ athletes.[128] The 2020 Summer Olympics will feature its first transgender athletes, namely Laurel Hubbard, a transgender woman for New Zealand weightlifting; Quinn, who is transgender and nonbinary and uses they/them pronouns is competing with Canada's women's soccer team. Chelsea Wolfe, who is a transgender woman, has been selected as an alternate for USA women's BMX freestyle team.[129]

hi In 2021, Women's sports icons Billie Jean King, World Cup Champion and National Women's Soccer Team Co-Captain Megan Rapinoe, WNBA stars Brianna Turner, Layshia Clarendon, and over 150 athletes in women's sports filed an amicus brief in Soule v. CIAC with the Women's National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA), Athlete Ally, and the Women's Sports Foundation in support of inclusion of transgender athletes in school sports.[254][255]


An organized campaign to roll back LGBTQ rights in multiple legislatures has focused on banning transgender athletes from sports activities

LGBTI contributions

[edit]

Von Steuben https://www.history.com/news/openly-gay-revolutionary-war-hero-friedrich-von-steuben

Pulaski https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/was-revolutionary-war-hero-casimir-pulaski-intersex-180971907/

Native American mascots by state

[edit]

https://narf.org/illinois-mascot-still-causing-harm/

https://champaignshowers.com/longer-reads/its-kingfisher-season/

https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/indian-mascots https://www.splcenter.org/news/2005/08/11/ncaa-rules-against-indian-mascots https://www.news-gazette.com/sports/illini-sports/ncaa-rejects-uis-appeal-on-chief-illiniwek/article_c21bb11c-6a57-5711-9808-bb00843b9f72.html https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-112shrg66994/html/CHRG-112shrg66994.htm

Proposed replacement mascots

[edit]

UIUC has not yet selected a replacement. A non-binding resolution to make "Alma Otter" the official mascot was placed on the spring 2019 student election ballot, but failed to receive a majority, although some saw the vote as a sign of progress.[256] In 2020 the belted kingfisher received a majority of student votes as a possible new mascot.[257] In September 2020 the University Senate overwhelmingly endorsed the kingfisher as the new mascot, voting 105 to 2 with 4 abstaining.[258]

The belted kingfisher, a bird local to Illinois whose female is orange and blue, has been proposed as a replacement mascot. The kingfisher as a mascot has been endorsed by the American Indian Center of Chicago, the Chicago Tribune editorial board, and the Champaign Audubon Society.[259] In December 2022, the National Congress of American Indians endorsed efforts to find a replacement mascot, though the kingfisher was not explicitly mentioned.[259] Supporters of the Kingfisher have dubbed the bird "naturally true to the orange and blue."[260]

State

[edit]

Profesional

College

K-12 school

Other

Statewide legislation

Former

[edit]

/sandbox2 On July 4, 2019, a minor league hockey team in Copper Cliffs, Sudbury, Ontario changed its mascot from the Redmen to the Reds and replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Blackhawks logo. The change was supported by Indigenous communities.[261]

On April 20, 2019, the Brooklin Lacrosse Club announced it would no longer be called the Brooklin Redmen and replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Chicago Blackhawks logo[262]

On July 14, 2021 the Portland Winterhawks (Oregon) in the Western Hockey League replaced their logo that was nearly identical to the Blackhawks logo with non-Native imagery, which was applauded by Native American leaders.[263]


History of the Black Hawk War [264][265] [266] [267]

Genocide [268]

Senate Runoff voter information

[edit]

[269][270]

November 18: Absentee ballots begin going out

December 7: Voter registration deadline

December 14: Early in-person voting begins

January 5: Federal runoff election day

17-year-olds who turn 18 by election day are eligible to register to vote

Request a mail-in ballot

Check to see if you are registered to vote

Register to vote

[271] Brad Boles

CC DLM

[edit]

Darren Bailey https://capitolfax.com/2021/03/26/bailey-literally-laughs-off-concerns-about-disabled-voters/ Doug LaMalfa rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and denies climate change. In 2012, LaMalfa said "I think there's a lot of bad science behind what people are calling global warming" and "I'm not going to buy into what Al Gore has to say about that."[272][273] In 2018 in the midst of wildfires, LaMalfa said "“I’m not going to quibble here today about whether it’s man, or sunspot activity, or magma causing ice shelves to melt,”[274] https://readsludge.com/2019/04/30/california-climate-change-denier-has-a-progressive-house-challenger/ https://archive.thinkprogress.org/the-anti-science-climate-denier-caucus-732ec3a2a4d4/ https://grist.org/politics/doug-lamalfa-is-the-archetypal-climate-denying-idio/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvkFXsQcV0s&feature=youtu.be https://techsolidarity.org/resources/holcombe_interview.html https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/10/17/1893157/-Crazy-Stupid-Republican-of-the-Day-Doug-LaMalfa-2019-Update https://voteclimatepac.org/climate-zeros/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/NEPA-FINAL-What-They-Are-Saying-clean.pdf https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/doug-lamalfa/ https://quizlet.com/213826228/philosophy-025-final-exam-flash-cards/ http://redgreenandblue.org/2018/07/20/house-passes-interior-bill-poison-pill-riders-delta-tunnels-water-law/ https://bitrebels.com/lifestyle/students-urge-congressional-action-climate-change/ https://www.calitics.com/index.php/2012/09/ https://scorecard.lcv.org/moc/doug-lamalfa https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/31/california-wildfire-climate-change-carr-fire https://www.earthforums.com/forums/forum/environment/congress-on-climate-change/california/ https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/rep-doug-lamalfa-opposes-iran-deal-critiques-global-warming-in-grass-valley-town-hall/ https://www.theunion.com/news/healthcare-climate-change-immigration-top-topics-at-lamalfa-town-hall/ https://www.newsreview.com/chico/lamalfa-awarded-booby-prize/content?oid=11012827 https://projects.propublica.org/politwoops/user/RepLaMalfa?page=4 https://www.cta.org/educator/posts/hot-topic

Kamala Harris

[edit]

In November 2019, Senator Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, an immigrant and transgender woman who died in ICE custody.[275][276]

In 2014, Attorney General Kamala Harris co-sponsored legislation to ban the gay and trans panic defense in court, which passed and California became the first state with such legislation.[277]

During the CNN LGBTQ forum during her Presidential primary campaign in 2019, Kamala Harris drew attention to the epidemic of hate violence against Black trans women (at the time 20 killed that year), noting that race compounds with being transgender and that LGBTQ people of color are doubly exposed to discrimination, also noting its impact on Black, Latinx, undocumented trans people. She also referred to the transgender community as among the most vulnerable in the nation adding, "when I say vulnerable I do not mean that you are not strong, I say because we know that certain populations are more vulnerable to hate based on other people's prejudice and racism"[278]

When I look at the fact that there were 19 Black transgender women already this year who have been killed. Twenty, twenty, excuse me. When I look at the fact when you compound race with being transgender you are doubly exposed and if you are Latina or Latino and an undocumented immigrant or you are in the system in any way and so I fist say all this to say I have a long-standing--decades long connection to this issue and as President of the United States I promise you that I will put all resources and priority into ensuring that all people are safe with a particular understanding of some of the most vulnerable communities and when I say vulnerable I do not mean that you are not strong, I say because we know that certain populations are more vulnerable to hate based on other people's hate and racism and hateful thoughts and we as a society must acknowledge the truth of that and then make sure we create safe communities in which they can exist.

Mascot

[edit]

According to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia, Adolf Hitler's Lebensraum was the "Manifest Destiny" for Germany's romanticization and imperial conquest of Eastern Europe. Hitler compared Nazi expansion to American expansion westward, saying, “there's only one duty: to Germanize this country [Russia] by the immigration of Germans and to look upon the natives as Redskins.”[279]

The American Indian Center of Chicago supports changing the Chicago Blackhawks' mascot. In 2010, Joe Podlasek, the executive director of AICChicago stated that, "The stance is very clear. We want the Chicago Blackhawks logo to change. For us, that's one of our grandfathers. Would you do that with your grandfather's picture? Take it and throw it on a rug? Walk on it and dance on it?"[280]

In 2019, the American Indian Center of Chicago ended all ties to the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation and released a statement saying

"As a community-based organization, the American Indian Center of Chicago (AIC) will take a proactive stance on only partnering with organizations that uphold our values. This stance includes no longer affiliating with organizations that perpetuate harmful stereotypes through the use of “Indian” mascots.

The AIC had previously held a relationship with the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation with the intention of educating the general public about American Indians and the use of logos and mascots. The AIC, along with members of the community have since decided to end this relationship.

Going forward, AIC will have no professional ties with the Blackhawks, or any other organization that perpetuates harmful stereotypes. We see this as necessary to sustain a safe, welcoming environment for members of our community as well as protecting our cultural identity and traditions."

[281][282]

In 2019, the American Indian Center of Chicago ended all ties to the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation, stating they will no longer affiliate "with organizations that perpetuate stereotypes through the use of "Indian" mascots." The AIC noted in its statement that they previously held a relationship with the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation with the "intention of educating the general public about American Indians and the use of logos and mascots. The AIC, along with members of the community have since decided to end this relationship" and stated that "going forward, AIC will have no professional ties with the Blackhawks, or any other organization that perpetuates harmful stereotypes."[283][284]


In July 2020, after the Washington Redskins announced they were retiring their name and the Cleveland Indians signaled a name change would be likely, the Blackhawks confirmed that they would continue using their team name and logo.[285]

The National Congress of American Indians and over 1,500 national Native organizations and advocates have signed a letter calling for a ban on all Native imagery, names, mascots, terms, redface, arrows, feathers, and appropriation of Native culture in sports. The petition included over 100 Native-led organizations, as well as tribal leaders and members of over 150 federally recognized tribes, reflecting a consensus among Native Americans that Native mascots are harmful.[286][287]

For your consideration[288]

Museum link [289]

Chief of Cherokee Nation: Jeep is wrong to use our name https://www.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/22/cherokee-nation-chief-jeep-stop-using-cherokee-name-orig.cnn-business


Sent from my iPhone

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/native-youth-need-safe-spaces

65000 [290]

State-by-state summary table of LGBT rights in the United States

[edit]
51-star flags have been designed and used as a symbol by supporters of statehood in various areas. This is an example of a possible 51-star flag.
Flag of Puerto Rico
Flag of Guam
Flag of Washington, D.C.
Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands
Flag of the U.S. Virgin Islands
Flag of American Samoa
51-star flags have been designed and used as a symbol by supporters of statehood in various areas. This is an example of a possible 51-star flag.


State or Territory Sexual Orientation Employment Discrimination Protections Gender Identity Employment Discrimination Protections
 Alabama Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Alaska Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Arizona Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Arkansas Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 California Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Florida Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Georgia Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Illinois Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Michigan Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 New Jersey Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 New York Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Ohio Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Pennsylvania Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Texas Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 North Carolina Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Massachusetts Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Indiana Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Virginia Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Missouri Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Washington Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Maryland Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Oregon Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Kentucky Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Tennessee Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Colorado Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Wisconsin Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Minnesota Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Louisiana Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 South Carolina Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Oklahoma Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Nevada Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Kansas Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Connecticut Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Iowa Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Mississippi Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Utah Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Hawaii Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Maine Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 District of Columbia Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 New Mexico Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 West Virginia Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Nebraska Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 New Hampshire Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Rhode Island Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Idaho Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 South Dakota Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Delaware Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Vermont Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Montana Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 North Dakota Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]
 Wyoming Protections for all employment[291] Protections for all employment[291]


Donald Trump

[edit]

Donald Trump is opposed to LGBT rights. Donald Trump has used the Presidency to roll back LGBT rights and has appointed anti-LGBTQ officials. Donald Trump opposes the Equality Act,[292] which has been one of the highest priorities of LGBTQ rights groups since marriage equality was enacted by the Supreme Court.[293] Donald Trump opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage[294] and pledged to appoint anti-LGBTQ Justices to the Supreme Court.[295] Donald Trump banned transgender people from serving in the military.[296] His administration has attempted to redefine the legal definition of gender in an attempt to erase transgender people and undermine nondiscrimination protections for transgender, non-binary, and intersex people.[297] His administration has argued before the Supreme Court that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect gay or transgender Americans from discrimination.[298][299] His Cabinet has rolled back regulations allowing homeless shelters to discriminate against homeless transgender youth.[300] His Education Secretary, Betsy DeVos has rolled back protections for LGBTQ students.[301] The Trump Administration has sought to protect discrimination in health care.[302] All LGBTQ references were removed from the White House, Department of State and Department of Labor websites minutes after the day he took office.[303] Donald Trump has banned LGBTQ refugees from entering the country fleeing from discrimination.[304] President Trump was the first President to speak at the Voter Values Summit, hosted by anti-LGBTQ hate group Family Research Council.[305]

LGBT people

[edit]

LGBT Rights

[edit]
checkY Presently codified in U.S. federal law
☒N Not presently codified in U.S. federal law
Present status unknown or ambiguous
LGBT Right On the basis of gender identity or expression On the basis of sexual orientation
Asylum checkY[306] checkY (Since 1989)[307]
Automatic co-parent recognition
Cohabitation laws
Education protections checkY[308] checkY[308]
Employment protections (federal

government employees)

checkY (Since July 21, 2014)[309] checkY (Since May 28, 1998)[310]
Employment protections (other employees) checkY (Since June 15, 2020)[311] checkY (Since June 15, 2020)
Federal contractor employment protections checkY (Since July 21, 2014)[309] checkY (Since July 21, 2014)[309]
Hate crime law checkY (Since October 28, 2009)[312] checkY (Since October 28, 2009)[312]
Health protections checkY (Since May 18, 2016)[313][314]
Joint adoption checkY checkY (Since May 3, 2016)[315]
Medically assisted insemination for singles
Medically assisted insemination for couples
Military service ☒N (since April 12, 2019)[316] checkY (Since September 20, 2011)[317]
No laws limiting freedom of expression checkY (Since December 26, 2013)[318] checkY
Policy tackling hatred checkY (Since September 13, 1994)[319] checkY (Since October 28, 2009)[312]
Prohibition on conversion therapy for minors ☒N ☒N
Public accommodation protections ☒N ☒N
Same-sex marriage checkY (Since June 26, 2015)[320] checkY(Since June 26, 2015)[320]
Second-parent adoption checkY (Since May 3, 2016)[315] checkY (Since May 3, 2016)[315]


asylum hate crime public accomodations assisted reproductive technology

Summary table of LGBT rights in the United States

[edit]

This is simplified for international comparison with other Wikipedia LGBT rights articles. A checkY denotes that the right exists, while a ☒N denotes it doesn't; a checkY and ☒N in the same column means the right varies on a state-by-state basis.

LGBT Right Federal Protection State Level Protection
Same-sex sexual activity legal
 Yes[321] Yes
Equal age of consent
 Yes Yes
Anti-discrimination laws in employment
 Yes[322] Yes
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services
 No Yes/No[323]
Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas
 No Yes/No
LGBT anti-discrimination law in health insurance
 No No
LGBT anti-bullying law in schools and colleges
 No Yes/No
LGBT anti-discrimination law in schools and colleges
 No Yes/No
LGBT anti-discrimination law in hospitals
 No No
Surrogacy legal for gay/bi male couples
 Yes Yes/No
Same-sex marriages
 Yes[324] Yes
Recognition of same-sex couples
 Yes[324] Yes
Step-child adoption by same-sex couples
 Yes[325] Yes
Joint adoption by same-sex couples
 Yes[325] Yes
LGB individuals allowed to serve openly in the military
 Yes[326] Yes
Transgender individuals allowed to serve openly in the military
 No (due to Directive-type Memorandum-19-004) No
Right to change legal gender
 Yes Yes/No (see map)
Legal recognition of non-binary gender(s)
 No Yes/No (see link)
Anti-LGBT hate crimes laws
 Yes Rarely enforced Yes/No
Intersex minors protected from invasive surgical procedures
 No No
Conversion therapy banned on minors
 No Yes/No (see map)
MSMs allowed to donate blood
 Yes[327][328] (see above) No

Dine Equality (Equality Navajo)

[edit]

DC

[edit]

Donald Trump is opposed to DC statehood. 700,000 residents live in Washington, D.C. and do not have Congressional representation. In 2020, he indicated that if the DC statehood bill passes both houses of Congress that he would veto the admission legislation. [329]

Federal enclave

[edit]

To fulfill Constitutional requirements of having a Federal District and to provide the benefits of statehood to the 700,000+ residents of D.C., in the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the State of Washington, D.C. and a much smaller federal seat of government. This would ensure federal control of federal buildings. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the much smaller federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[330][331][332]



Federal enclave

[edit]

To deal with Constitutional concerns and to ensure the Federal Government In the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the federal seat of government and the State of Washington, D.C. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[333][334][335]

Federal enclave

[edit]

In the proposed State of Washington, D.C., boundaries would be delineated between the federal seat of government and the State of Washington, D.C. The National Mall, the White House, the national memorials, Cabinet buildings, judicial buildings, legislative buildings, and other government-related buildings, etc. would be housed within the federal seat of government. All residences in the State of Washington, D.C. would reside outside the seat of federal government, except for the White House. The proposed boundaries are based on precedents created through the 1902 McMillan Plan with a few modifications. The rest of the boundaries would remain the same.[336][337][338] DC Statehood advocates contend that Article 1, Section 8, Clause 17 of the US Constitution sets a maximum size for the Constitutionally-required Federal District, but does not contain a minimum size. Statehood advocates also cite precedent that the Federal District's size has been reduced by Congress before in 18XX

Alray Nelson

[edit]

Adding Japanese cities

[edit]

Chiba January 2019

Edogawa April 2019

Amagasaki January 2020

Hamamatsu April 2020

Niigata April 2020

Koga April 2020

Nara April 2020

Kijo April 2020

Minato April 2020

Bunkyo April 2020

Koganei****** October 2020

Fujisawa typo? April 2021

Nagaokakyo*** June 2021

List

[edit]

The following 102 municipalities and three prefectures have established a partnership oath system, comprising about 38% of the Japanese population. In 17 further jurisdictions, such policies have yet to take effect.

Prefectures

[edit]

Municipalities

[edit]

Future partnership systems

[edit]

Shortcuts Same-sex marriage in Japan Same-sex union legislation

State/Territory Country Date Same-sex union Upper House Lower house Head of State Law
enacted?
Yes No Yes No
Shibuya, Tokyo Japan Japan March 2015 Partnership certificate[352] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Setagaya, Tokyo Japan Japan July 2015 Partnership certificate[353] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Takarazuka, Hyōgo Japan Japan November 2015 Partnership certificate[354] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Iga, Mie Japan Japan December 2015 Partnership certificate[355] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Naha, Okinawa Japan Japan February 2016 Partnership certificate[356][357] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan Japan March 2017 Partnership certificate[358][359][360][361] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan Japan February 2018 Partnership certificate[362] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nakano, Tokyo Japan Japan May 2018 Partnership certificate[363] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Osaka, Osaka Japan Japan June 2018 Partnership certificate[364] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Chiba, Chiba Japan Japan January 2019 Partnership certificate[365] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toshima, Tokyo Japan Japan March 2019 Partnership certificate[366] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Edogawa, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[367] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ibaraki Prefecture Ibaraki Prefecture Japan Japan June 2019 Partnership certificate[368] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ōizumi, Gunma Japan Japan January 2019 Partnership certificate[369] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fuchū, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[370] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hirakata, Osaka Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[371] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kumamoto, Kumamoto Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[372] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Odawara, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[373] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sakai, Osaka Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[374] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sōja, Okayama Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[375] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toshima, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[376] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yokosuka, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2019 Partnership certificate[377] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kanuma, Tochigi Japan Japan June 2019 Partnership certificate[378] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan Japan June 2019 Partnership certificate[379] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Japan Japan July 2019 Partnership certificate[380] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nishio, Aichi Japan Japan September 2019 Partnership certificate[381] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nagasaki, Nagasaki Japan Japan September 2019 Partnership certificate[382] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sanda, Hyōgo Japan Japan October 2019 Partnership certificate[383] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Katano, Osaka Japan Japan November 2019 Partnership certificate[384] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan Japan December 2019 Partnership certificate[385] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Daitō, Osaka Japan Japan December 2019 Partnership certificate[386] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kamakura, Kanagawa Japan Japan December 2019 Partnership certificate[387] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Amagasaki, Hyōgo Japan Japan January 2020 Partnership certificate[388] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mitoyo, Kagawa Japan Japan January 2020 Partnership certificate[389] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Bunkyō, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[390] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[391] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kijō, Miyazaki Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[392] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Koga, Fukuoka Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[393] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Minato, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[394] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nara, Nara Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[395] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Niigata, Niigata Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[396] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Saitama, Saitama Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[397] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Narashino Japan Japan time Partnership certificate cite — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[398] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hida Japan Japan time Partnership certificate cite — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Takamatsu, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[399] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tokushima, Tokushima Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[400] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yamatokōriyama, Nara Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[401] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Zushi, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2020 Partnership certificate[402] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kawagoe, Saitama Japan Japan May 2020 Partnership certificate[403] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toyoake, Aichi Japan Japan May 2020 Partnership certificate[404] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Itami, Hyōgo Japan Japan May 2020 Partnership certificate[405] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ashiya, Hyōgo Japan Japan May 2020 Partnership certificate[406] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hayama, Kanagawa Japan Japan May 2020 Partnership certificate[407] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Inabe, Mie Japan Japan July 2020 Partnership certificate[408] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan Japan July 2020 Partnership certificate[409] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Okayama, Okayama Japan Japan July 2020 Partnership certificate[410] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tondabayashi, Osaka Japan Japan July 2020 Partnership certificate[411] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kawanishi, Hyōgo Japan Japan August 2020 Partnership certificate[412] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kaizuka, Osaka Japan Japan September 2020 Partnership certificate[413] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kyoto, Kyoto Japan Japan September 2020 Partnership certificate[414] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sakado, Saitama Japan Japan October 2020 Partnership certificate[415] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Koganei, Tokyo Japan Japan October 2020 Partnership certificate[416] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kitamoto, Saitama Japan Japan November 2020 Partnership certificate[417] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Matsudo, Chiba Japan Japan November 2020 Partnership certificate[418] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tochigi, Tochigi Japan Japan November 2020 Partnership certificate[419] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kokubunji, Tokyo Japan Japan November 2020 Partnership certificate[420] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kōnosu, Saitama Japan Japan December 2020 Partnership certificate[421] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hirosaki, Aomori Japan Japan December 2020 Partnership certificate[422] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Shibukawa, Gunma Japan Japan December 2020 Partnership certificate[423] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Higashikagawa, Kagawa Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership certificate[424] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miura, Kanagawa Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership certificate[425] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yoshinogawa, Tokushima Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership certificate[426] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership certificate[427] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Akashi, Hyōgo Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership family system[428] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kōchi, Kōchi Japan Japan February 2021 Partnership certificate[429] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Okegawa, Saitama Japan Japan February 2021 Partnership certificate[430] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tokushima, Tokushima Japan Japan February 2021 Partnership family system[431] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kameoka, Kyoto Japan Japan March 2021 Partnership certificate[432] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ina, Saitama Japan Japan March 2021 Partnership certificate[433] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ageo, Saitama Japan Japan March 2021 Partnership certificate[434] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Adachi, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership family system[435] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Annaka, Gunma Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[436] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Chigasaki, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[437] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fuji, Shizuoka Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[438] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[439] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Gyōda, Saitama Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[440] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Honjō, Saitama Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[441] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ibusuki, Kagoshima Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[442] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ikoma, Nara Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[443] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Inagawa, Hyōgo Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[444] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kitajima, Tokushima Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[445] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Koshigaya, Saitama Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[446] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kunitachi, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[447] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Matsumoto, Nagano Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[448] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miyoshi, Saitama Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[449] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nichinan, Miyazaki Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[450] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[451] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Shōdoshima, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[452] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tadotsu, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[453] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tenri, Nara Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[454] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tonoshō, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[455] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toyohashi, Aichi Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[456] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Usuki, Ōita Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[457] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yamato, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[458] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nobeoka, Miyazaki Japan Japan April 2021 Partnership certificate[459] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Urayasu, Chiba Japan Japan May 2021 Partnership certificate[460] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nagaokakyō, Kyoto Japan Japan June 2021 Partnership certificate[461] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toyota, Aichi Japan Japan July 2021 Partnership certificate[462] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Saga Prefecture Japan Japan August 2021 Partnership certificate[463] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mie Prefecture Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[464] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miyoshi, Tokushima Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[465] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Iruma, Saitama Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[466] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nikkō, Tochigi Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[467] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Shintomi, Miyazaka Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[468] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ube, Yamaguchi Japan Japan September 2021 Partnership certificate[469] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Akitakata, Hiroshima Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[470] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Bizen, Okinawa Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[471] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hikone, Shiga Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[472] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Karatsu, Saga Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[473] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kawajima, Saitama Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[474] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kuki, Saitama Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[475] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Matsuda, Kanagawa Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[476] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Moroyama, Saitama Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[477] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ōzu, Kumamoto Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[478] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Urasoe, Okinawa Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[479] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mukō, Kyoto Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[480] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sayama, Saitama Japan Japan October 2021 Partnership certificate[481] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ebino, Miyazaki Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[482] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kōshū, Yamanashi Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[483] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kurashiki, Okayama Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[484] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Maniwa, Okayama Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[485] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tokigawa, Saitama Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[486] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Zentsūji, Kagawa Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[487] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hakusan, Ishikawa Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[488] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Funabashi, Chiba Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[489] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sōka, Saitama Japan Japan December 2021 Partnership certificate[490] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hannō, Saitama Japan Japan January 2022 Partnership certificate[491] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hidaka, Saittama Japan Japan January 2021 Partnership certificate[492] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kagoshima, Kagoshima Japan Japan January 2022 Partnership certificate[493] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mihara, Hiroshima Japan Japan January 2022 Partnership certificate[494] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Gamagōri, Aichi Japan Japan January 2022 Partnership certificate[495] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ayase, Kanagawa Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[496] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ichikawa, Chiba Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[497] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Samukawa, Kanagawa Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[498] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tama, Tokyo Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[499] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yoshikawa, Saitama Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[500] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Aomori Prefecture Japan Japan February 2022 Partnership certificate[501] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ebetsu, Hokkaido Japan Japan March 2022 Partnership certificate[502] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mima, Tokushima Japan Japan March 2022 Partnership certificate[503] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fukaya, Saitama Japan Japan March 2022 Partnership certificate[504] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Akita Prefecture Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[505] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fukuoka Prefecture Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[506] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Aikawa, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[507] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Akita, Akita Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[508] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Anan, Tokushima Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[509] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Atsugi, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[510] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ayagawa, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[511] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Bungo-Ōno, Ōita Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[512] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ebina, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[513] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fuchū, Hiroshima Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[514] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fujimi, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[515] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[516] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fukutsu, Fukuoka Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[517] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hakodate, Hokkaido Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[518] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hatoyama, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[519] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[520] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Himeji, Hyōgo Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[521] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[522] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kadogawa, Miyazaki Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[523] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kaisei, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[524] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kamikawa, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[525] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kamisato, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[526] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kan'onji, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[527] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kasaoka, Okayama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[528] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kasuya, Fukuoka Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[529] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kita, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[530] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kitami, Hokkaido Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[531] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Komagane, Nagano Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[532] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kosai, Shizuoka Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[533] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kotohira, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[534] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kumagaya, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[535] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Mannō, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[536] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Misato-machi, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[537] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miyashiro, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[538] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Musashino, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[539] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nakai, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[540] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ninomiya, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[541] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nogi, Tochigi Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[542] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ōiso, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[543] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Okazaki, Aichi Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[544] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Saito, Miyazaki Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[545] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sanuki, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[546] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Seki, Gifu Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[547] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Shinshiro, Aichi Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[548] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Shizuoka, Shizuoka Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[549] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tahara, Aichi Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[550] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Takahama, Aichi Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[551] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Taketa, Ōita Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[552] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tatsuno, Hyōgo Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[553] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Utazu, Kagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[554] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yamakita, Kanagawa Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[555] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yashio, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[556] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yokoze, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[557] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yoshimi, Saitama Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[558] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Yoshioka, Gunma Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[559] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Arakawa, Tokyo Japan Japan April 2022 Partnership certificate[560] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kasugai, Aichi Japan Japan May 2022 Partnership certificate[561] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hyūga, Miyazaki Japan Japan June 2022 Partnership certificate[562] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Narashino, Chiba Japan Japan June 2022 Partnership certificate[563] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Naruto, Tokushima Japan Japan June 2022 Partnership certificate[564] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sakaide, Kagawa Japan Japan June 2022 Partnership certificate[565] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tosashimizu, Kōchi Japan Japan June 2022 Partnership certificate[566] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Fujimino, Saitama Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[567] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ibaraki, Osaka Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[568] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kiyokawa, Kanagawa Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[569] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sakaiminato, Tottori Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[570] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toyokawa, Aichi Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[571] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kikuchi, Kumamoto Japan Japan July 2022 Partnership certificate[572] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tochigi Prefecture Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[573] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ichinomiya, Aichi Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[574] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Miki, Kagawa Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[575] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Misato, Saitama Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[576] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sanjō, Niigata Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[577] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Sano, Tochigi Japan Japan September 2022 Partnership certificate[578] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Echizen, Fukui Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[579] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Hashimoto, Wakayama Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[580] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kaita, Hiroshima Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[581] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Kuroshio, Kōchi Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[582] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Nasushiobara, Tochigi Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[583] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ōtawara, Tochigi Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[584] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Setouchi, Okayama Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[585] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Zama, Kanagawa Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[586] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Toda, Saitama Japan Japan October 2022 Partnership certificate[587] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Ikeda, Osaka Japan Japan November 2022 Partnership certificate[588] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Tokyo Metropolis Japan Japan November 2022 Partnership certificate[589] — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes
Japan Japan time Partnership certificate — Passed Signed Yes Yes

}

Sally Ride

[edit]
Sally Ride

Sally Ride was the first American woman in space (and the third woman astronaut overall) and is the first known LGBTQ astronaut.[590] She was selected to be an astronaut in 1978 in NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of astronauts that included women.[591] She first flew to space as an astronaut on June 18, 1983 on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-7 mission.[592] The mission included launching satellites.[593] Ride operated the robotic arm to launch and retrieve the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-1) and was the first woman to operate the robotic arm.[594] The mission duration was 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, and 59 seconds.[595] 97 orbits were completed.[596] She returned to space again on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-41-G mission on October 5, 1984.[597] Multiple satellites were launched in this mission.[598] The mission duration was 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes, and 33 seconds.[599] 133 orbits were completed.[600] Her third scheduled spaceflight was to be STS-61-M, but this was cancelled due to the Challenger explosion.[601] Ride was not on the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded in 1986, but served on the Rogers Commission to investigate the incident.[602] She also served on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board[603]

Sally Ride married astronaut Steve Hawley in 1982 and divorced in 1987.[594] It was revealed in her obituary after passing away in 2012 from pancreatic cancer that her partner of 27 years was Tam O'Shaughnessy.[603] Ride and O'Shaughnessy co-founded Sally Ride Science, an organization created to inspire young people, especially girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).[604]

Wendy B. Lawrence

[edit]
Wendy B. Lawrence

Wendy B. Lawrence was selected to be an astronaut in 1992 in NASA Astronaut Group 14.[605] She first flew to space from March 2-18, 1995 in the STS-67 Endeavor. In all four missions she flew, she served as a mission specialist. The mission involved studying ultraviolet radiation coming from hot stars and distant galaxies. The mission duration was 16 days, 15 hours, and 8 minutes[606] and 262 orbits were completed.[607] Her second flight was on the STS-86 Atlantis from September 25-October 6, 1997.[608] The Space Shuttle Atlantis docked at the Russian Mir space station, exchanged cargo and had an astronaut exchange.[609] Lawrence was assigned to replace C. Michael Foale after a health issue was discovered, however, the space suit for Russian space walks did not fit her, so her backup David A. Wolf took his place.[610][611] The mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, and 20 minutes and 169 orbits were completed.[606] Her third flight was on the STS-91 Discovery from June 2-12, 1998. The STS-91 was the ninth and final Shuttle docking with Mir and the only docking from Discovery. The mission duration was 9 days, 19 hours, and 14 minutes, finishing 154 complete orbits, landing on orbit 155.[612][606] Her fourth and final flight was on the STS-114 Discovery. The STS-114 was the first spaceflight after the Columbia disaster and was deemed the "Return to Flight" mission.[613] The Discovery docked at the International Space Station and exchanged 11,000 pounds of cargo. The mission duration was 13 days, 21 hours, and 32 minutes; 219 orbits were completed.[606][614] She retired in 2006.[615]

Lawrence publicly came out while receiving the 2019 United States Naval Academy Distinguished Graduate Award. A video referencing her accomplishments said "Wendy is married to Cathy, and they live in Washington State.” Her spouse, Cathy Watson, was in the audience and in her thank you speech, she added “I want to acknowledge my spouse Cathy.”[615][616]

Anne McClain

[edit]
Anne McClain

Anne McClain was selected to be an Astronaut by NASA in 2013 as part of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[617] She first flew to space aboard the Soyuz MS-11 as part of Expedition 58/59 on December 3, 2018, docking at the International Space Station. She served as flight engineer on both expeditions. The Expedition 59 crew completed experiments involving biotechnology, biology, earth science, physical science, recycling 3D-printed materials, and editing DNA in space for the first time.[617] She performed two EVA's (Extravehicular activity, or "spacewalks"). McClain's first EVA was on March 22, 2019 with Nick Hague replacing nickle-hydrogen batteries with lithium-ion batteries for the station's solar arrays. The spacewalk also cleared debris, securing tiebacks for the solar array blanket box, and stowed tools for the flex hose rotary coupler. The spacewalk was 6 hours and 39 minutes.[618] McClain was scheduled for another EVA with Christina Koch which would have been the first all-female spacewalk, but McClain was reassigned due to space suit sizing issues.[619] McClain's second EVA was with David Saint-Jacques and entailed relocating an adapter plate and replacing batteries. McClain's second spacewalk also included routing cables to establish a redundant path of power supply. The cables would expand the wireless communication outside the ISS complex and would enhance hardwired computer capabilities. McClain's second spacewalk had a duration of 6 hours and 30 minutes.[620] McClain spent 203 days, 15 hours, and 16 minutes in space with a total of 3,264 orbits completed.[621]

McClain married Summer Worden in 2014. McClain is step-mother to Worden's son. Worden filed for divorce in 2018 and the divorce was finalized in 2020.[622] On August 23, 2019, The New York Times reported that Worden filed a complaint against McClain at the Federal Trade Commission accusing her of illegally accessing financial information while she was working at the International Space Station.[623] This outed McClain making her the third known LGBTQ astronaut.[624] The claims were later found to be false and McClain was cleared.[623][625] On April 7, 2020, Worden received a two-count federal indictment from a federal grand jury on charges of making false statements to federal investigators and is currently awaiting trial.[626]


LGBTQ Astronauts

[edit]

As of 2022, there have been at least three known LGBTQ astronauts, Sally Ride,[627] Wendy B. Lawrence,[628] and Anne McClain,[629] all three from the United States.

Image Name
Birth date 		Country Comment Missions (Launch date)
Sally Ride United States United States
Wendy B. Lawrence United States United States
Anne McClain United States United States

Sally Ride

[edit]

Sally Ride was the first American woman in space (and the third woman astronaut overall) and is the first known LGBTQ astronaut.[630] She was selected to be an astronaut in 1978 in NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first class of astronauts that included women.[631] She first flew to space as an astronaut on June 18, 1983 on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-7 mission.[632] The mission included launching satellites.[633] Ride operated the robotic arm to launch and retrieve the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-1) and was the first woman to operate the robotic arm.[634] The mission duration was 6 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes, and 59 seconds.[635] 97 orbits were completed.[636] She returned to space again on the Space Shuttle Challenger as part of the STS-41-G mission on October 5, 1984.[637] Multiple satellites were launched in this mission.[638] The mission duration was 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes, and 33 seconds.[639] 133 orbits were completed.[640] Her third scheduled spaceflight was to be STS-61-M, but this was cancelled due to the Challenger explosion.[641] Ride was not on the Space Shuttle Challenger when it exploded in 1986, but served on the Rogers Commission to investigate the incident.[642] She also served on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board[643]

Ride was very private about her personal life. Sally Ride married astronaut Steve Hawley in 1982 and divorced in 1987.[644] It was revealed in her obituary after passing away in 2012 from pancreatic cancer that her partner of 27 years was Tam O'Shaughnessy.[645] Ride and O'Shaughnessy co-founded Sally Ride Science, an organization created to inspire young people, especially girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM).[646] Ride's sister, Bear Ride, also openly gay (and much more open) wrote in regard to her sister's orientation, "Sally didn't use labels. Sally had a very fundamental sense of privacy, it was just her nature, because we're Norwegians, through and through." Ride also did not share her cancer diagnosis publicly until her death.[647] "Most people did not know that Sally had a wonderfully loving relationship with Tam O'Shaughnessy for 27 years. Sally never hid her relationship with Tam. They were partners, business partners in Sally Ride Science, they wrote books together, and Sally's very close friends, of course, knew of their love for each other. We consider Tam a member of our family." "I hope the pancreatic cancer community is going to be absolutely thrilled that there's now this advocate that they didn't know about. And, I hope the GLBT community feels the same. I hope it makes it easier for kids growing up gay that they know that another one of their heroes was like them."[648] O'Shaughnessy said, “Sally didn’t want to be defined by the lesbian/gay label just as she didn’t want to be defined by a gender label,” “We both didn’t like categories, didn’t want to define ourselves by our sexuality.”[649] It was once revealed part of why they did not come out as they were concerned about losing sponsorships with Sally Ride Science or potential boycotts of the organization's science outreach to children by conservative parents.[650] Near the end of Ride's life, O'Shaughnessy asked Ride how much to share about their relationship at her celebration of life. Ride said, “I want you to decide. Whatever you want to say, how much you want to say, is fine with me.” Later, she added, “Being open about us might be very hard on NASA and the astronaut corps. But I’m OK with that. Whatever you think is right is fine with me.” Ride passed away a few days later and did not see the obituary Tam O'Shaughnessy wrote of her.[651] O’Shaughnessy said that though the decision was difficult, she said that coming out "was amazing … it was just so freeing." [652] Sally Ride was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and her life partner Tam O’Shaughnessy accepted the medal for her.[653]

Wendy B. Lawrence

[edit]

Wendy B. Lawrence was selected to be an astronaut in 1992 in NASA Astronaut Group 14.[654] She first flew to space from March 2-18, 1995 in the STS-67 Endeavor. In all four missions she flew, she served as a mission specialist. The mission involved studying ultraviolet radiation coming from hot stars and distant galaxies. The mission duration was 16 days, 15 hours, and 8 minutes[655] and 262 orbits were completed.[656] Her second flight was on the STS-86 Atlantis from September 25-October 6, 1997.[657] The Space Shuttle Atlantis docked at the Russian Mir space station, exchanged cargo and had an astronaut exchange.[658] Lawrence was assigned to replace C. Michael Foale after a health issue was discovered, however, the space suit for Russian space walks did not fit her, so her backup David A. Wolf took his place.[659][660] The mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, and 20 minutes and 169 orbits were completed.[661] Her third flight was on the STS-91 Discovery from June 2-12, 1998. The STS-91 was the ninth and final Shuttle docking with Mir and the only docking from Discovery. The mission duration was 9 days, 19 hours, and 14 minutes, finishing 154 complete orbits, landing on orbit 155.[662][663] Her fourth and final flight was on the STS-114 Discovery. The STS-114 was the first spaceflight after the Columbia disaster and was deemed the "Return to Flight" mission.[664] The Discovery docked at the International Space Station and exchanged 11,000 pounds of cargo. The mission duration was 13 days, 21 hours, and 32 minutes; 219 orbits were completed.[665][666] She retired in 2006.[667]

Lawrence publicly came out in December 2018 while receiving the United States Naval Academy Distinguished Graduate Award. A video referencing her accomplishments said "Wendy is married to Cathy, and they live in Washington State.” Her spouse was in the audience and in her thank you speech, she added “I want to acknowledge my spouse Cathy.”[668][669]

Anne McClain

[edit]

Anne McClain was selected to be an Astronaut by NASA in 2013 as part of NASA Astronaut Group 21.[670] She first flew to space aboard the Soyuz MS-11 as part of Expedition 58/59 on December 3, 2018, docking at the International Space Station. She served as flight engineer on both expeditions. The Expedition 59 crew completed experiments involving biotechnology, biology, earth science, physical science, recycling 3D-printed materials, and editing DNA in space for the first time.[671] She performed two EVA's (Extravehicular activity, or "spacewalks"). McClain's first EVA was on March 22, 2019 with Nick Hague replacing nickle-hydrogen batteries with lithium-ion batteries for the station's solar arrays. The spacewalk also cleared debris, securing tiebacks for the solar array blanket box, and stowed tools for the flex hose rotary coupler. The spacewalk was 6 hours and 39 minutes.[672] McClain was scheduled for another EVA with Christina Koch which would have been the first all-female spacewalk, but McClain was reassigned due to space suit sizing issues.[673] McClain's second EVA was with David Saint-Jacques and entailed relocating an adapter plate and replacing batteries. McClain's second spacewalk also included routing cables to establish a redundant path of power supply. The cables would expand the wireless communication outside the ISS complex and would enhance hardwired computer capabilities. McClain's second spacewalk had a duration of 6 hours and 30 minutes.[674] McClain spent 203 days, 15 hours, and 16 minutes in space with a total of 3,264 orbits completed.[675]

McClain married Summer Worden in 2014. McClain is step-mother to Worden's son. Worden filed for divorce in 2018 and the divorce was finalized in 2020.[676] On August 23, 2019, The New York Times reported that Worden filed a complaint against McClain at the Federal Trade Commission accusing her of illegally accessing financial information while she was working at the International Space Station.[677] This outed McClain making her the third known LGBTQ astronaut.[678] The claims were later found to be false and McClain was cleared.[679][680] On April 7, 2020, Worden received a two-count federal indictment from a federal grand jury on charges of making false statements to federal investigators and is currently awaiting trial.[681]

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  646. ^ https://www.iflscience.com/space/us-quarter-honoring-astronaut-dr-sally-ride-is-finally-in-circulation/
  647. ^ https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/chrisgeidner/first-female-us-astronaut-sally-ride-comes-out
  648. ^ https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/why-sally-ride-waited-until-her-death-tell-world-she-f908942
  649. ^ https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/sally-ride-lesbian-why-did-the-first-american-woman-in-space-stay-in-the-closet.html
  650. ^ https://medium.com/the-vintage-space/gay-astronauts-a-final-frontier-9892d0987fa0
  651. ^ https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/sally-ride-lesbian-why-did-the-first-american-woman-in-space-stay-in-the-closet.html
  652. ^ https://www.space.com/40916-sally-ride-pride-inspiration-legacy.html
  653. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/content/president-obama-awards-presidential-medal-of-freedom-to-sally-ride/
  654. ^ http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/lawrence_wendy.htm
  655. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf
  656. ^ https://www.americaspace.com/2020/03/15/what-a-beautiful-universe-remembering-sts-67s-record-setting-voyage-25-years-on/
  657. ^ https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/39024
  658. ^ https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/space-flight-history/spaceflight-heritage-sts-86/
  659. ^ https://www.space.com/wendy-lawrence-virtual-astronaut-series
  660. ^ https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-86/mission-sts-86.html
  661. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf
  662. ^ https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4225/documentation/mission-summaries/sts91/biographies/biographies.htm
  663. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf
  664. ^ https://www.themarsgeneration.org/captain-wendy-lawrence/
  665. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf
  666. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-114.html
  667. ^ https://www.usna.com/events-and-programs---dga19-bio-lawrence
  668. ^ https://medium.com/the-vintage-space/gay-astronauts-a-final-frontier-9892d0987fa0
  669. ^ https://www.usna.com/events-and-programs---dga19-bio-lawrence
  670. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anne-c-mcclain/biography
  671. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anne-c-mcclain/biography
  672. ^ https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/
  673. ^ https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/03/yes-nasa-has-canceled-an-all-female-spacewalk-no-its-not-a-conspiracy/
  674. ^ https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/08/u-s-and-canadian-astronauts-wrap-up-power-upgrades-spacewalk/
  675. ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/soyuz-3-station-fliers-wrap-up-204-day-stay-in-orbit-landing-complete-kazakhstan-today-2019-06-24/
  676. ^ https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/08/us/nasa-astronaut-anne-mcclain-estranged-wife-charged-trnd/index.html
  677. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/23/us/astronaut-space-investigation.html
  678. ^ https://medium.com/the-vintage-space/gay-astronauts-a-final-frontier-9892d0987fa0
  679. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/23/us/astronaut-space-investigation.html
  680. ^ https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/space-criminal-anne-mcclain-cleared-of-crimes-0mzg390lt#:~:text=An%20astronaut%20who%20was%20alleged,her%20accuser%20charged%20with%20lying.
  681. ^ https://www.krem.com/article/news/crime/anne-mcclain-estranged-wife-indicted-for-lying-identity-theft/293-3c84c80e-1ea7-48c1-8325-4e2f4c5d7ade

SR

[edit]

https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2013/10/lgbt-history-month-profile-sally-ride-first-female-american-astronaut-in-space/

https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/why-sally-ride-waited-until-her-death-tell-world-she-f908942

https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/05/sally-ride-lesbian-why-did-the-first-american-woman-in-space-stay-in-the-closet.html

https://mentalfloss.com/article/31275/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-sally-ride

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120723006436/en/Sally-Kristen-Ride-Ph.D.-Trailblazing-American-Woman#.U3pjTvldV8E

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/chrisgeidner/first-female-us-astronaut-sally-ride-comes-out

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8

https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/ride.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_travelers_by_name

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride_Science

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-41-G

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_pallet_satellite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions#STS-61-M_(Challenger)

https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2019/08/lesbian-astronaut-may-committed-earths-first-space-crime/

https://thegavoice.com/news/lesbian-astronaut-anne-mcclain-cut-from-all-female-spacewalk/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain

https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anne-c-mcclain

WBL

[edit]

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf https://www.usna.edu/Notables/featured/03lawrence.php https://www.themarsgeneration.org/captain-wendy-lawrence/ https://www.space.com/wendy-lawrence-virtual-astronaut-series https://blogs.va.gov/VAntage/79416/veteranoftheday-navy-veteran-wendy-b-lawrence/ http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/lawrence_wendy.htm https://medium.com/the-vintage-space/gay-astronauts-a-final-frontier-9892d0987fa0 https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/diversity/women-in-the-navy/making-dreams-come-true.html http://www.astronautix.com/l/lawrence.html https://spacecenter.org/celebrating-pride-month-highlighting-diversity-inclusion/ https://www.usna.com/events-and-programs---dga19-bio-lawrence


https://outastronaut.org/

Fair Tax

[edit]

The Chicago Sun-Times argued that the best way to thank essential workers in a pandemic is to pass the Fair Tax, noting how many storeclerks, bartenders, baristas, cab drivers, office cleaners, daycare workers, and restaurant workers have lost their jobs, and noting that others risk their lives going to work. The Sun-Times said that an extra dollar in the hands of a working person is worth more than it does for multi-millionaires. The Sun-Times also said the Fair Tax would help police officers, fire fighters, mail carriers, ambulance drivers, and train conductors.[1]

possible poll [2]

Rates

[edit]

https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-cb-illinois-pritzker-graduated-income-tax-20200820-g3lrqjqp2ne7rkjxkjammf2ub4-story.html

The amendment itself would remove the requirement that income be taxed at a flat rate. Separate legislation, which would go into effect if the amendment passes, specifies the actual tax rates. The legislature would be free to change those rates in the future without voter approval.

Under the rates approved by the General Assembly, taxes would be lowered to 4.75 percent on taxable income from $0 to $10,000 for single and joint filers. Between $10,001 to $100,000 the rate for both single and joint filers would fall to 4.9%. The rate would remain 4.95 percent for income between $100,001 to $250,000 for both single and joint filers.[3]

Tax rates would only increase for income above $250,000. For single filers, the rate for income between $250,000 and $350,000 would be 7.75% and 7.85% for income between $350,000 and $750,000. Joint filers would have a 7.75% rate on income between $250,000 and $500,000 and 7.85% on income between $500,000 and $1 million. Income for single filers making over $750,000 and joint filers making over $1 million would be taxed at $7.99%.[4]

The bill also includes an increase in the property tax credit from 5 percent to 6 percent, and up to a $100 per-child tax credit for couples earning less than $100,000 and single persons earning less than $80,000. [5]

It has been noted that 97% of Illinois wage earners make $250,000 or less and would pay the same or less taxes under the Fair Tax proposals.[6]



For single filers, tax rates are the same as joint filers up to $250,000; but the 7.75 percent rate applies from $250,001 to only $350,000, while the 7.85 percent rate applies from $350,001 to $750,000.


For the rest of the brackets, each varying tax rate would apply to only one specific margin of income.


In January 2014, the non-partisan business group Civic Federation of Chicago's assessment of the Governor's budget projections estimated that the prescribed cut in income tax would yield decreased revenues of $1.4 billion in FY15 growing to $2.7 billion in FY16.[7] In its own analysis, the federation projected that the loss of revenue "would dramatically destabilize Illinois' already weak financial condition." They argued that the loss of revenue would be bad for Illinois' businesses, due in part to the fact that the state still owed many private businesses money.[8]

While Gov. Quinn had proposed extending the 5 percent flat tax indefinitely, other groups had sought to use the graduated tax to raise revenues.[9]

While initial proposals lacked statutory tax rate language leading to criticism from one editorial board,[10] in 2014 Sen. Don Harmon (D-Oak Park) proposed a marginal rate schedule that taxed the first $12,500 of income at 2.9 percent, the range from $12,500 to $180,000 at 4.9 percent, and taxed all income over $180,000 at 6.9 percent. The rate schedule was not part of the amendment, but was instead separate legislation.[11]

Senator Harmon's proposal was estimated to reduce the tax bill of the Illinois median taxpayer (making $55,317 per year) by $303 per year versus the 5 percent rate. Allowing 2014 law to continue would reduce the median taxpayer's bill by $689 per year, an additional savings of $386 versus the Harmon rates.[12] Other speculative proposals had called for top marginal rates as high as 11 percent, but they were not introduced in the state legislature.[10]

Proponents argued that Harmon's rate schedule would provide tax relief to 94% of Illinoisans. Opponents and skeptics contended that was misleading since the current law in 2014 prescribed a decline in the personal income tax rate to 3.75 percent in 2015, after the expiration of a 2011 temporary surtax. They contended Harmon calculated his claimed tax relief from current rates rather than current law at the time.[13]

Proponents argued that it was misleading to suggest Harmon's rates were anything but a tax cut because many Illinois residents would pay less in 2015 than they paid in 2014.[14]

2014

[edit]

In January 2014, the non-partisan business group Civic Federation of Chicago's assessment of the Governor's budget projections estimated that the prescribed cut in income tax would yield decreased revenues of $1.4 billion in FY15 growing to $2.7 billion in FY16.[15] In its own analysis, the federation projected that the loss of revenue "would dramatically destabilize Illinois' already weak financial condition." They argued that the loss of revenue would be bad for Illinois' businesses, due in part to the fact that the state still owed many private businesses money.[16]

While Gov. Quinn had proposed extending the 5 percent flat tax indefinitely, other groups had sought to use the graduated tax to raise revenues.[17]

While initial proposals lacked statutory tax rate language leading to criticism from one editorial board,[10] in 2014 Sen. Don Harmon (D-Oak Park) proposed a marginal rate schedule that taxed the first $12,500 of income at 2.9 percent, the range from $12,500 to $180,000 at 4.9 percent, and taxed all income over $180,000 at 6.9 percent. The rate schedule was not part of the amendment, but was instead separate legislation.[18]

Senator Harmon's proposal was estimated to reduce the tax bill of the Illinois median taxpayer (making $55,317 per year) by $303 per year versus the 5 percent rate. Allowing 2014 law to continue would reduce the median taxpayer's bill by $689 per year, an additional savings of $386 versus the Harmon rates.[19] Other speculative proposals had called for top marginal rates as high as 11 percent, but they were not introduced in the state legislature.[10]

Proponents argued that Harmon's rate schedule would provide tax relief to 94% of Illinoisans. Opponents and skeptics contended that was misleading since the current law in 2014 prescribed a decline in the personal income tax rate to 3.75 percent in 2015, after the expiration of a 2011 temporary surtax. They contended Harmon calculated his claimed tax relief from current rates rather than current law at the time.[20]

Proponents argued that it was misleading to suggest Harmon's rates were anything but a tax cut because many Illinois residents would pay less in 2015 than they paid in 2014.[21]

7.75 percent from $250,001 to $500,000; and 7.85 percent from $500,001 to $1 million. Income for single filers making over $750,000 and joint filers making over $1 million would be taxed at $7.99%.

Under the new rates single filers would pay the maximum rate of 7.99 percent on all income once their taxable income tops $750,000. For joint filers, that rate takes effect on all income when it exceeds $1 million.

Equality Act revisions

[edit]

Calling for the bill's pasage in 2016, the Civil Rights icon John Lewis said, "This legislation is what justice requires. This legislation is what justice demands. And like the Supreme Court's recent decision, it is long overdue... We are a society committed to equal justice under the law. No longer should America turn its back on its lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender brothers and sisters... We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity."[22]

Calling for the bill's pasage in 2016, the Civil Rights icon John Lewis said, "This legislation is what justice requires. This legislation is what justice demands. And like the Supreme Court's recent decision, it is long overdue... We are a society committed to equal justice under the law. No longer should America turn its back on its lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender brothers and sisters... We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity."[23]

Polling https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2021/03/republicans-support-marriage-equality-lgbtq-nondiscrimination-protections-now/

The Equality Act is a bill in the United States Congress, that, if passed, would amend the Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and the jury system.[24] As of 2020, 29 states have not outlawed anti-LGBT discrimination, with members of the LGBT community being given very little protection at a national level[25][26] and two-thirds of LGBT Americans the United States reporting facing or having experienced discrimination in their personal lives. The Equality Act seeks to remedy this lack of protection, applying existing state anti-LGBT discrimination laws nationwide.[24]

The Equality Act passed the United States House of Representatives on May 17, 2019 in a bipartisan 236-173 vote.[27][28] The United States Senate received the bill for consideration on May 20, 2019, where the bill remains.[29]


On June 15th, 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment. LGBTQ rights advocates welcomed the ruling and reaffirmed support for passage of the Equality Act, noting that the ruling only covered employment and in many states LGBTQ people still lack non-discrimination protections in housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service which would be covered under the Equality Act.[30][31][32]

The Equality Act would expand protections for people of color and women by ensuring retail stores, accountants, hospitals, salons and transportation providers, such as trains, taxis, car services and airlines do not discriminate on the basis of any protected characteristic. The Equality Act would also prohibit discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived membership in a protected class or association with a protected class.

[33]

Feminist/Women's groups in favor of the Equality Act legislation include but are not limited to the National Organization for Women,[33] 9to5: the National Association of Working Women,[33] the Coalition of Labor Union Women,[33] Feminist Majority,[33] Girls, Inc.,[33] Jewish Women International,[33] The National Black Women’s Reproductive Justice Agenda,[33] NARAL,[33] MANA, A National Latina Organization,[33] MomsRising,[33] National Alliance to End Sexual Violence,[33] National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum (NAPAWF),[33] National Association for Female Executives,[33] National Women's Health Network,[33] National Women's Law Center,[33] Planned Parenthood,[33] Positive Women’s Network-USA,[33] and United State of Women[33] to name a few.


The Southern Poverty Law Center has designated the Alliance Defending Freedom as an anti-LGBT hate group,[34]

ADF has suggested that women's safety is undermined when transgender people are able to use facilities that correspond to their gender identity.[35]

However, the

The National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 anti-sexual assault organizations have condemned opponents' attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is untrue that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[36] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[37] The letter notes the [21] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[38]

The Alliance Defending Freedom has also raised concerns about transgender people participating in sports, particularly women's sports. However, many transgender women are prescribed estrogen supplements and testosterone suppressants by doctors as part of hormone replacement therapy. This treatment reduces muscle mass of transgender women, among other bodily effects, arguably reducing speed, strength, and endurance. Testosterone prescribed by doctors for transgender male athletes

The Alliance Defending Freedom, which the Southern Poverty Law Center has designated as an anti-LGBT hate group,[39] objects to the provisions in the legislation that protect transgender Americans from discrimination. ADF has suggested that women's safety is undermined when transgender people are able to use facilities that correspond to their gender identity.[40] However, the National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 survivor organizations have condemned attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is a myth that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[41] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[42] The letter notes the [20] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[43]

Equality Act revisions

[edit]

The National Taskforce to End Sexual and Domestic Violence and over 250 survivor organizations have condemned attempts to portray transgender people as sexual predators and contends it is a myth that protections for transgender people endanger women's safety and privacy.[44] The Taskforce's joint letter was signed by over 250 survivor organizations in full support of full and equal access for the transgender community, including in restrooms and locker rooms.[45] The letter notes the [20] states and 200+ municipalities that have protected transgender people's access to facilities have not seen an increase in sexual violence and public safety incidents due to nondiscrimination laws. The letter also notes that anti-transgender initiatives put transgender people at further risk of assault.[46]

LGBT rights page

[edit]

In June 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bars employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.[47] The ruling was welcomed by LGBT rights advocates who called on Congress to pass the Equality Act.[48][49][50] While the Supreme Court ruling only prohibited discrimination in employment, if the Equality Act is passed and signed into law, the act would prohibit discrimination nationwide on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in housing, employment, public accomomdations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service.[51] Currently, 29 US States have not enacted full protections for the LGBT community and only have federal protections in employment.[52] 


The ruling only prohibits discrimination in employment. Currently 29 US states have not enacted any protections for the LGBT community


The ruling only barred discrimination in employment and LGBT rights advocates

[53]


Dr. Edith Guffey, a UCC clergywoman and mother of a trans non-binary child also testified to Congress, saying "We should all be able to agree on this one thing, the law should treat all our children, God's children, equally. All of our children deserve to be treated with dignity and respect. Every single one of us would go to the mat for our children. None of us wants them to be turned away or discriminated against for any reason."[54]

ENDA revision

[edit]

From 2015 on, LGBT rights advocates moved to support the Equality Act, a bill with far more comprehensive protections than ENDA.[55][56] The Equality Act would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity not only in employment, but also housing, public accommodations, public education, federal funding, credit, and jury service.[57]

On June 15, 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity.[58] The ruling was only on employment, like ENDA. LGBT rights advocates welcomed the ruling and called on Congress to pass the Equality Act, noting that as of 2020, 29 states do not have the full protections the Equality Act would provide for the LGBT community.[59][60][61]


Hormone study [62]

Draft Page rename

[edit]

I propose that we rename this page to "Same-sex marriage in Sovereign Nations in the United States." Tribal Nations are nations[63] and are due the respect given to nations. The Supreme Court of the United States,[64] the Federal Government,[65] and the United Nations[66] recognizes Tribal Nations as Sovereign Nations. I believe that "jurisdictions" does not do justice to the Nationhood of American Indian tribes. Calling it "jurisdictions" effectively reduces sovereign nations to city wards or villages. Yes, Nations is the right term. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that American Indian tribes are neither foreign nations nor states, but are domestic dependent nations.[67][68] As Nations, American Indian Tribes are sovereign and this sovereignty is protected by the United States Constitution[69] and is affirmed in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. I take tribal sovereignty and tribal consultation seriously, so I contacted Equality Navajo as it is an organization working for LGBTQ equality within Navajo Nation as I believe their voice matters on pages such as this. I received a response from Alray Nelson, the President of and founder of Navajo Equality (The Campaign for Diné Equality) and he said that this page should be called "Same-sex marriage in Sovereign Nations in the United States" and he cited that "We are sovereign nations in the eyes of the United Nations and to the federal government." Wikipedia is an encyclopedic source and we deserve to have information presented be educational and worthy of replication. Because this page has been titled "under United States tribal jurisdictions," I have seen discourse directly stemming from this page referring to Tribal Nations simply as "jurisdictions."[70][71] Use of "Nations" in the title is informative and accurate and respectful of the civil rights and sovereignty of American Indian Nations. I believe this page should be renamed to reflect this.


LGBT rights at the Pacific Islands Forum

[edit]

Seven members of the Pacific Islands Forum criminalize homosexuality. These countries include Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga, and the Cook Islands.

In 2018, the Leitis in Waiting Pacific Equality Project, the Pacific Human Rights Initiative, the Tonga Leitis Association, and the Pacific Sexual and Gender Diversity Network launched a Change.org petition to the Pacific Islands Forum that says

"On behalf of all LGBTI citizens, and their families, friends, and allies, we respectfully call on the Pacific Islands Forum Chair, Leaders, and Member States to: Establish a process that leads to full legal protections for all LGBTI citizens in all member states, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the commitment to “Leave No One Behind”;

Enforce a policy of full decriminalisation of colonial-era and other laws that restrict the freedom of expression of Pacific LGBTI citizens;

Denounce homophobic and transphobic prejudice and discrimination, and lead the way by ensuring that the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat develops employment policies that protect its LGBTI, gender & sexual minority employees;

Include gender & sexual minorities in leadership positions and in decision-making processes"[72]

The Leitis in Waiting Pacific Island Project also lauched a documentary called "Leitis in Waiting" about native transgender women and the rising tide of


https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/programs/pacificbeat/lgbt-pac-petition/10024466

https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA0590212018ENGLISH.pdf

https://qnews.com.au/calls-to-decriminalise-homosexuality-in-the-pacific-islands/

https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/enough-is-enough-its-time-to-decriminalize-homosexuality-in-the-pacific-islands/

Possibly http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2015/08/un-launches-campaign-supporting-gay-rights-in-the-pacific/

  Marriage performed
  Civil unions performed (Easter Island)
  Recognition of same-sex marriages at the federal level, no territory-level recognition (American Samoa)
  No recognition
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples (Palau)
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, but ban not enforced
(Country names will appear with mouse-overs when map is viewed at full size. Encircling lines are the EEZ of each state.)

hi

[edit]

New Zealand,[nb 1]

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/puerto-rico-pushes-for-statehood-calling-it-a-civil-rights-issue/ar-AAzg5Tx https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6246?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22puerto+rico+admission+act%22%5D%7D Puerto Rico bill H.R.6246

Colonial status DC map Inequalities between states and territories: Voting for President, Representation in Congress Proposed legislation. May be 2020 issue



Congressional support for the Puerto Rico Admission Act of 2018 (115th Congress 2017-2018)
Cosponsors to House Resolution 6246 in the US House of Representatives[73]
Congressional support for the Washington, D.C. Admission Act in the 115th Congress (2017-2018)
Cosponsors to House Resolution 1291 in the US House of Representatives[74]
Cosponsors to S.1278 in the Senate[75]


No-hitter

The Chicago Cubs were scheduled to play the Houston Astros at Minute Maid Park on (date/weekend). However, due to Hurricane Ike, decisions were made to postpone the game and play it on neutral territory. Miller Park in Milwaukee was selected. Two games were played in Miller Park on (day one) and (day two). On September 14, 2008, Carlos Zambrano threw a no-hitter in a 5-0 victory in what became the first no-hitter pitched on neutral territory in MLB history. He gave up one walk and one hit by pitch. Carlos Zambrano was also hit by a pitch while batting, in addition to hitting a single.[76] The Houston Astros were designated the "Home Team." While this was officially on neutral territory, multiple commentators pointed out that the stadium was filled with Cubs fans, due to Milwaukee's proximity to Chicago. Because many Cubs fans often travel to Milwaukee to see the Cubs play the Brewers, Miller Park is occasionally dubbed "Wrigley North."

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/philadelphia-pride-flag-opposition-racism-lgbtq-community

https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/events/mount-rushmore-before-it-was-desecrated-and-other-captivating-images/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenskwatawa Eli Reimer: First person with Down Syndrome to reach Mt. Everest's Base Camp 2013, 15 years old[77]

Mikayla Holmgren: First woman with Down Syndrome to compete in Miss Minnesota USA, 2017[78]

Kayleigh Williamson: First person with Down Syndrome to complete the Austin Half-Marathon (2017)[79]

Jamie Brewer: First model with Down Syndrome to appear on the catwalk during New York Fashion Week[80]

Megan McCormick: First* person with Down Syndrome to graduate with honors from a technical college in the US. [81][82]

María José: First person with Down Syndrome to carry the Presidential sash in the official appointment of the President of Ecuador, Rafael Correa.[83]

Carter Murai: First young model with Down Syndrome to speak in a marketing campaign[84]

Angela Bachellir: First person with Down Syndrome to be elected as a councilwoman (Spain)[85]








Potential Title: The criminalization of LGBT people/homosexuality and decriminalization efforts/initiatives The criminalization and decriminalization of LGBT people (De)Criminalization of homosexuality legislation and litigation Status of LGBT legality and decriminalization Homosexuality decriminalization movement

Legislation

[edit]

Tribune endorsement 25th district 25th District. Two Republicans are competing for the chance to face freshman Rep. Karina Villa, D-West Chicago, a House member running for the Senate seat, in November. Villa is unopposed in the primary. The seat currently is held by Sen. Jim Oberweis, R-Sugar Grove, who is running for Congress. Republican Jeanette Ward of West Chicago served four years on the Elgin-based U-46 School District board as a conservative voice who opposed tax increases and resisted the district’s movement toward gender-neutral bathrooms and locker rooms. Also running for the GOP nomination is Beth Goncher of Aurora who says while she considers herself a conservative, she is more concerned about corruption than bathrooms. “To say corruption is a victimless crime is naive because it affects all of us. It represents years and years of mismanagement.” Property tax relief and job growth also top her list of priorities. Goncher is endorsed. [86]

Country/Territory/Jurisdiction Status/Year Type of legislation Upper house Lower house Head of state Law
enacted?
The Gambia The Gambia Proposed[87] Decriminalization
Cook Islands Cook Islands Pending[88][89] Decriminalization
Egypt Egypt Pending[90] Criminalization, including advocacy and media coverage
Angola Angola Pending[91][92][93] Decriminalization 125-0-36A Stage 1?
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Proposed[94] Decriminalization
Lebanon Lebanon Proposed[95] Decriminalization

Constitutional Court cases

[edit]
Jurisdiction Date Description Lower courts Upper courts or International courts Restrictions
unconstitutional? End result
Belize Belize 2016 Decriminalization Yes Restrictions struck down[96]
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Ongoing Decriminalization[97] Struck down
India India Decriminalization
Kenya Kenya Decriminalization
Botswana Botswana Challenge to be heard May 31, 2018 Decriminalization[98]

Executive Moratoriums?

[edit]

Expungement Schemes, Apologies, Prison Bailouts, and Reparations

[edit]
Country/Territory/Jurisdiction Year of decriminalization Status/Year passed Type of legislation Lower house Upper house Head of state Law
enacted?
South Australia South Australia 1975[99] 2013 Expungement[100] Yes Check
Victoria (state) Victoria 1980/1981[101] 2014. Apology 2016? Expungement and apology[102][103] Yes Check
New South Wales New South Wales 1984[104] 2014 Expungement[105] Yes Check
Australian Capital Territory Australian Capital Territory 1976[106] 2015 Expungement [107] Yes Check
Tasmania Tasmania 1997[108] 2015 Expungement and apology[109] Same-sex activity and cross-dressing[110] Yes Check
Germany Germany 1968 (East Germany); 1969 (West Germany)[111] 2017 Pardon of convictions during and after Nazi era and reparations[112] Passed[113] N/A Passed
England Wales England and Wales 1967[114] 2016 Pardons, including posthumous pardons Yes
Queensland Queensland 1990[115] 2017 Expungement N/A Passed[116]
New Zealand New Zealand 1986[117] 2017 Apology Unanimous passage[118] Passage
New Zealand New Zealand 1986[119] Pending Expungement Pending[120]
California California 1978[121] 2017 Removal of past consensual homosexuality convictions from sex offender registry[122] Signed
Scotland Scotland 1981 2017 Apology and pardon[123]
Western Australia Western Australia 1990 Pending Expungement and apology[124]
United Kingdom UK at the Commonwealth of Nations Still criminalized in 36/53 Commonwealth countries Statement in 2018 Apology for colonial laws imposing homophobic criminalization in the Commonwealth

Queensland http://humanrightslawcentre.cmail19.com/t/ViewEmail/i/054AF923F28999F42540EF23F30FEDED/22EF45F08E467F8C6E6039C17E42EE19?utm_content=buffer3c53a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer Germany

UK

See also: Reparations for slavery

Countries that Criminalize Homosexuality

[edit]

Jurisdiction Maximum punishment Other forms of punishment? Enforcement within last 3 years? Notes


Jurisdiction Maximum Punishment Other forms of punishment Enforcement within last 3 years? Notes
Sudan Death
Iran Death
Saudi Arabia Death
Mauritania Death
Nigeria Death*
Yemen Death
Afghanistan Death
Brunei ***** research it
Somalia Death
Egypt
South Sudan
Libya
Tunisia
Morocco
India
Pakistan Death
Algeria
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Liberia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Cameroon
Chad?
Burundi
Kenya
Uganda
Tanzania
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Somalia
Somaliland
Comoros
Mauritius
Angola
Botswana
Malawi
Namibia
Swaziland
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Antigua and Barbuda
Barbados?
Dominica
Grenada
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Guyana
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Russia/Chechnya
Kuwait
Oman
Gaza
Qatar Death
Syria
United Arab Emirates Death
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
Indonesia*
Malaysia
Singapore
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu
Kiribati
Cook Islands
Samoa
Tonga
Tuvalu


Alphabetized:

Jurisdiction Maximum Punishment Other forms of punishment Enforcement within last 3 years? Notes
Afghanistan
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Bangladesh
Barbados?
Bhutan
Botswana
Brunei
Burundi
Cameroon
Chad?
Comoros
Cook Islands
Dominica
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gaza
Ghana
Grenada
Guinea
Guyana
India
Indonesia*
Iran
Jamaica
Kenya
Kiribati
Kuwait
Liberia
Libya
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Myanmar
Namibia
Nigeria
Oman
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Qatar
Russia/Chechnya
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Somalia
Somaliland
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Swaziland
Syria
Tanzania
The Gambia
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Issues of Colonization

[edit]

http://www.adaderana.lk/news/39301/activist-fights-to-decriminalize-homosexuality-in-sri-lanka

Scrapthis?:Number of Arrests, Prisoners, Executions, Date of last known enforcement

[edit]

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/19/as-a-muslim-im-proud-to-support-marriage-equality?CMP=soc_568 Model:


List of most recent executions by jurisdiction Scrap this

Jurisdiction Number of Arrests Number of Prisoners Number of Executions (if applicable) Date of last known enforcement Name(s) of last known to be prosecuted or executed Punishment
Iran 4000-6000[125]
Saudi Arabia
Egypt ~500 (estimate)[126] N/A
Sudan
Mauritania
Yemen
Somalia
Somaliland
LGBT rights in Gaza
Afghanistan
Nigeria

Countries with ongoing mass-arrests and extra-judicial detentions and killings of LGBT people

[edit]

(should mass arrests also go here?) Explain Chechnya Situation Here

International pressure

[edit]

Groups within countries working to change policies on criminalization

[edit]

role of faith

Whether groups are legal

Scrapthis? History

[edit]

Freedom of expression/association/speech/advocacy bans

[edit]

Russia Russian gay propaganda law Haiti

More

Proposed: Egypt[127]

Acceptance of LGBTQ refugees by country

[edit]

Chechnya

Canada has accepted 22-31 LGBT Chechen refugees[128] Lithuania has accepted at least two LGBT Chechen refugees[129] Germany has accepted at least 1 LGBT Chechen refugee[130]

Gender identity/expression bans

[edit]

UAE stuff

Test

[edit]

List of Breakfast sauces

[edit]

Milk, orange juice, syrup, butter, jelly, yer a wizard harry, water, pear juice[131]

Bacon juice, strawberry compote, yogurt[132]

other stuff

[edit]

https://everytown.org/nra-grades-archive/

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Note: While listed here under “subnational level,” US Tribes are considered Nations both in a legal sense and when it comes to preferred language. The United States Government recognizes US Tribal Nations as “Domestic Dependent Nations” under the law in a government-to government relationship. Tribal nations exercise sovereignty, though Congress has ultimate authority under the Plenary Power Doctrine which is why tribal nations are placed here under an imperfect multi-purpose umbrella term[1][2][3]

References

[edit]


Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).

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  98. ^ http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=74750&dir=2018/march/06
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  131. ^ me
  132. ^ my sister
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