The Essence of Strategy: Lessons from Seven Decades "Nobody knows what strategy is." – The Economist Few words in business are used as often—and understood as little—as strategy. For some, it’s a plan. For others, it’s execution, innovation, or vision. Yet after teaching strategy for over 15 years at top business schools around the world—Berkeley Haas, Northwestern, and IIMs—and practicing it for more than 30 years in the retail industry, one truth stands out: Most organizations confuse activity with direction. They run faster without truly getting ahead. This reflection, drawn from over 50 case studies of the world’s leading retailers, explores how the idea of strategy has evolved over seven decades—and what still defines its enduring essence: 1. Strategy as the Art of Choice: From Ansoff to Porter, the essence of strategy remains unchanged—it’s about making hard choices. True strategy is saying no more often than yes. It’s choosing where not to compete, and having the courage to stay the course. 2. The Bermuda Triangle of Business: Many companies get lost in the swirling currents of customers, competition, company, and technology. The best leaders navigate this chaos with clarity—anchoring their organizations in purpose, positioning, and profit. 3. Framing the Future; Strategy isn’t about predicting trends; it’s about framing the future. It demands clarity of thought, decisive trade-offs, and the discipline to align the entire organization behind a single coherent direction. The more I study and teach strategy, the clearer one thing becomes: “The essence of strategy lies not in complexity, but in clarity — knowing where to play, whom to super-serve, how to win, and why it matters.” 👉 Read the full article here: https://lnkd.in/du-22cGH Do you agree that very few understand 'What is strategy' in today's context of volatile, ever-changing retail, as per The Economist? Join the conversation in the comments below or through your like! If this resonates with you, please share it with your network to help me in my mission to spread knowledge and develop a community of future Retail leaders.. Inspired by my IIMA roots: Vidya Vinayogad Vikasah (विद्याविनियोगाद्विकासः)"
srikant gokhale sir it is a fantastic and much-needed reflection! 👏 Your core point about the confusion between activity and direction perfectly captures why so many organizations "run faster without truly getting ahead." I especially resonate with: • "True strategy is saying no more often than yes." (Strategy as the Art of Choice) — Trade-offs are the heartbeat of strategy. No trade-off, no real strategy. • The emphasis on clarity over complexity. A simple, powerful framework: "Knowing where to play, whom to super-serve, how to win, and why it matters." This distills seven decades of thinking into an actionable essence. Thank you for sharing!
Another excellent article Srikant. Thorough and insightful. A few thoughts occur to me. First is the importance of the context. Is is survival or growth or adaptation? Second is what are you developing strategy for- a business (which seems to be the focus here) OR a brand or a business unit etc. These two then seem to define what the goal or desired outcome is. Without clarity of outcome, it is difficult to achieve clarity in your strategy. This is the main reason why a lot of the myths you mention have come about. And maximising shareholder value is not a good enough or clear enough goal in my view. The business history is littered with examples of awful decisions made when that is seen as the direct goal. Like wise I think the balanced scorecard is not a strategic tool at all. It is at best a diagnostic tool, when applied well. Most human beings can’t cope with multiple indicators that are involved in such scorecards. 3-5 is the max. I am also vary of the word unique. It is seductive but not always true. Anyway, this is a vast topic, but thanks for sharing your rich understanding and experiences.
srikant gokhale Srikant, well written and a nice articulation of how strategy is no longer static, but is dynamic, adaptive, and has be one that allows constant learning and adaptation👍… I fully agree and, by the way, this applies to all industries, sectors and situations and not just to retail. Charles Berlitz must be smiling at your reference to his phrase “Bermuda Triangle” in the title of his book , but what you described is more of a rectangle than a triangle - as you include “customers, competition, company, and technology”, and then — and then have tried to show a connect of these through purpose, capability, and experimentation… you are missing “employees/people, as the people difference is most key”, but it is missing in your article”. Agree on your point on being adaptive, but that requires empowerment to experiment and a safe-to fail culture that nurtures employees to be able to experiment within boundaries, defined by purpose. The challenge and opportunity is for leaders to institutionalize adaptability into governance and decision-making, so that strategy becomes continuous rather than a periodic process of framing. Keep writing… you always surprise me positively 😊
Thank you, sir, for such a detailed review of what Strategy should be. For me, strategy-personal, professional, organizational etc are like thoughts, which keep changing based on the stimulation, experiences and environment. Identifying the right thought process needs constant watch, reviews and re-adjustments. And I think Org strategy should be emerging, and agile to stay different and relevant.
Brilliant reflection. Most companies today still confuse “motion” with “progress.” In my view, the biggest strategic gap in 2025 is not lack of data — it is lack of decision courage. Strategy today is about subtraction, not addition. • Focus > Expansion • Depth > Breadth • Power position > Presence everywhere We live in a world where everybody wants to win everything — and that’s exactly why very few win anything sustainably. True strategy is the discipline to eliminate 90% of what is possible, so that the remaining 10% compounds into unstoppable advantage. Clarity is the real competitive moat now — not scale, not capital.