LGI1-AE Outcomes Predicted by Relapse Burden and Treated with Rituximab

Autoimmune encephalitis has moved past the diagnostic era — antibody testing is no longer the bottleneck. New data presented at AAN Autoimmune Neurology 2026 show cumulative relapse burden independently predicts poor long-term functional and cognitive outcomes in LGI1-AE (OR 2.94), while rituximab significantly reduces relapse risk (HR 0.19). Meanwhile, the COAST study documents wide practice variation in second-line NMDAR-AE therapy — rituximab (60.3%), cyclophosphamide (13.5%), tocilizumab (4.0%) — with no consensus on regimen or duration. A new patient-reported outcome measure, LANTERN, may finally capture what conventional scales miss: the executive dysfunction and psychiatric burden that persist even when clinician-rated outcomes look “good.” Full clinical breakdown of the AANAI 2026 encephalitis data: https://lnkd.in/ejqb3yQv #AutoimmuneNeurology #AANAI2026 #Neurology #Encephalitis #MedEd

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