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Christine Smith

Photo of Christine Smith
Title(s)Associate Adjunct Professor, Psychiatry
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-7760-4131 Additional info
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    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    Christine N. Smith, Ph.D. uses structural and functional neuroimaging techniques and eye tracking to study human memory and other types of cognition. Her work encompasses healthy people and people with neurological disorders resulting from brain injury or disease. Recent efforts include creating novel cognitive tests to identify subtle cognitive impairments, such as remembering the recent and remote past. Her graduate training in Experimental Psychology (University of Wisconsin Milwaukee with Fred Helmstetter, Ph.D.) focused on emotional learning in humans using functional neuroimaging and physiology. Her post-doctoral training in Neuroscience (University of California San Diego with Larry Squire, Ph.D.) examined brain regions associated with different components of memory using novel memory tests to measure conscious and unconscious memory, recollection and familiarity, and strong and weak memory.

    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    University of California San DiegoPost-doctoral Training2007Psychiatry
    University of Wisconsin MilwaukeePh.D.2003Psychology
    University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeM.S.1999Psychology
    University of Puget SoundB.A.1996Psychology
    Collapse awards and honors
    Veterans Affairs2023  - 2027VA Merit Award
    University of California San Diego2023  - 2024ACTRI Pilot Project Award
    Veterans Affairs2016  - 2022VA Merit Award
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2015Junior Researcher Award
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2015Small Research Grant
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2013  - 2016Project Research Grant
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2013Junior Researcher Award
    University of California San Diego2013Leon Thal Memorial Travel Grant
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2011  - 2013Project Research Grant
    Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center2010Small Research Grant
    University of California San Diego and National Institutes of Health2007  - 2008Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Pilot Project Grant
    Dartmouth College2006Summer Institute in Cognitive Neuroscience
    National Institutes of Health2005  - 2006Neuroplasticity of Aging Postdoctoral Fellowship
    National Institutes of Health2003  - 2005Cognitive Neuroscience Postdoctoral Fellowship
    American Psychological Association2002Dissertation Fellowship

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    Use of Novel Neuroimaging, Neuropsychological Methods, and Retrograde Memory Test to Detect Cognitive and Cerebral Disruption in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
    NIH I01CX002626Apr 1, 2023 - Mar 31, 2027
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Functional and Structural Neuroanatomy of Past Remembrance
    NIH I01CX001375Oct 1, 2016 - Mar 31, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Featured Content 

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Structural neuroanatomy of semantic retrograde memory in older adults. Behav Neurosci. 2026 May 07. Banos JC, Tan S, Asp IE, Snytte J, Bondi MW, Smith CN. PMID: 42095849; PMCID: PMC13155362.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Face-name associative memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Region-specific insights in right-hemisphere onset. Epilepsy Res. 2026 May; 223:107767. Stasenko A, Schadler AJ, Kaestner E, Smith CN, Brady E, Kim MS, Peterson DJ, Urbanic C, Shih JJ, Gholipour T, James GA, Qiu D, Hampstead BM, Drane DL, McDonald CR. PMID: 41806514.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Polypore mushroom mycelia as an adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Immunol. 2026 01 31; 27(1). Saxe G, Smith CN, Golshan S, Shekhtman T, Bair ZJ, Beathard C, Davis RA, MacElhern L, Shubov A, Slater D, Kao LK, Senowitz P, Wilson S. PMID: 41620671; PMCID: PMC12955250.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    4. Posttraumatic Headache: A Possible Therapeutic Target of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025; 37(4):333-341. Balse A, Smith CN, Drew W, Golshan S, Ansari H, Chaudry A, Karanam A, Ahmed M. PMID: 40190025.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. News event memory in amnestic and non-amnestic MCI, heritable risk for dementia, and subjective memory complaints. Neuropsychologia. 2024 07 04; 199:108887. Asp I, Cawley-Bennett ATJ, Frascino JC, Golshan S, Bondi MW, Smith CN. PMID: 38621578; PMCID: PMC11925352.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Human brain activity and functional connectivity associated with verbal long-term memory consolidation across 1 month. Front Hum Neurosci. 2024; 18:1342552. Tallman CW, Luo Z, Smith CN. PMID: 38450223; PMCID: PMC10915245.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    7. A way forward for design and analysis of neuroimaging studies of memory consolidation. Cogn Neurosci. 2022 07; 13(3-4):158-164. Tallman CW, Clark RE, Smith CN. PMID: 36112016; PMCID: PMC9673460.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Human brain activity and functional connectivity as memories age from one hour to one month. Cogn Neurosci. 2022 07; 13(3-4):115-133. Tallman CW, Clark RE, Smith CN. PMID: 35073239; PMCID: PMC9308837.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    9. Impaired Behavioral Pattern Separation in Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2022 07; 28(6):550-562. Lalani SJ, Reyes A, Kaestner E, Stark SM, Stark CEL, Lee D, Kansal L, Shih JJ, Smith CN, Paul BM, McDonald CR. PMID: 34078506; PMCID: PMC8965747.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Awareness of what is learned as a characteristic of hippocampus-dependent memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 11 20; 115(47):11947-11952. Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 30397153; PMCID: PMC6255196.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. The Functional and Structural Neuroanatomy of Systems Consolidation for Autobiographical and Semantic Memory. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2018; 37:119-150. Dede AJO, Smith CN. PMID: 27677778.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    12. When eye movements express memory for old and new scenes in the absence of awareness and independent of hippocampus. Learn Mem. 2017 02; 24(2):95-103. Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 28096499; PMCID: PMC5238721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. True and false memories, parietal cortex, and confidence judgments. Learn Mem. 2015 Nov; 22(11):557-62. Urgolites ZJ, Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 26472645; PMCID: PMC4749729.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Retrograde memory for public events in mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to anterograde memory and neuroanatomy. Neuropsychology. 2014 Nov; 28(6):959-72. Smith CN. PMID: 25068664; PMCID: PMC4227913.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. When recognition memory is independent of hippocampal function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 08; 111(27):9935-40. Smith CN, Jeneson A, Frascino JC, Kirwan CB, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. PMID: 24958865; PMCID: PMC4103374.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Comparison of explicit and incidental learning strategies in memory-impaired patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 07; 111(1):475-9. Smith CN, Urgolites ZJ, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. PMID: 24367093; PMCID: PMC3890873.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. The nature of anterograde and retrograde memory impairment after damage to the medial temporal lobe. Neuropsychologia. 2013 Nov; 51(13):2709-14. Smith CN, Frascino JC, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. PMID: 24041667; PMCID: PMC3837701.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. The hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity when memories are strong. J Neurosci. 2011 Nov 02; 31(44):15693-702. Smith CN, Wixted JT, Squire LR. PMID: 22049412; PMCID: PMC3220416.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Different nonlinear functions in hippocampus and perirhinal cortex relating functional MRI activity to memory strength. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 05; 108(14):5783-8. Song Z, Wixted JT, Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 21436048; PMCID: PMC3078356.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Losing memories overnight: a unique form of human amnesia. Neuropsychologia. 2010 Aug; 48(10):2833-40. Smith CN, Frascino JC, Kripke DL, McHugh PR, Treisman GJ, Squire LR. PMID: 20493889; PMCID: PMC2914200.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Medial temporal lobe activity during retrieval of semantic memory is related to the age of the memory. J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 28; 29(4):930-8. Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 19176802; PMCID: PMC2670190.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Experience-dependent eye movements reflect hippocampus-dependent (aware) memory. J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 26; 28(48):12825-33. Smith CN, Squire LR. PMID: 19036976; PMCID: PMC2614323.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Human amygdala activity during the expression of fear responses. Behav Neurosci. 2006 Dec; 120(6):1187-95. Cheng DT, Knight DC, Smith CN, Helmstetter FJ. PMID: 17201461.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 67     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    24. Experience-dependent eye movements, awareness, and hippocampus-dependent memory. J Neurosci. 2006 Nov 01; 26(44):11304-12. Smith CN, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. PMID: 17079658; PMCID: PMC2424210.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 50     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Item memory, source memory, and the medial temporal lobe: concordant findings from fMRI and memory-impaired patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 13; 103(24):9351-6. Gold JJ, Smith CN, Bayley PJ, Shrager Y, Brewer JB, Stark CE, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. PMID: 16751272; PMCID: PMC1482613.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Declarative memory, awareness, and transitive inference. J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 02; 25(44):10138-46. Smith C, Squire LR. PMID: 16267221; PMCID: PMC1457087.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Acquisition of differential delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness. Behav Neurosci. 2005 Feb; 119(1):78-86. Smith CN, Clark RE, Manns JR, Squire LR. PMID: 15727514; PMCID: PMC2773180.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Amygdala and hippocampal activity during acquisition and extinction of human fear conditioning. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2004 Sep; 4(3):317-25. Knight DC, Smith CN, Cheng DT, Stein EA, Helmstetter FJ. PMID: 15535167.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 101     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    29. Neural substrates mediating human delay and trace fear conditioning. J Neurosci. 2004 Jan 07; 24(1):218-28. Knight DC, Cheng DT, Smith CN, Stein EA, Helmstetter FJ. PMID: 14715954; PMCID: PMC6729570.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 113     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    30. Functional MRI of human amygdala activity during Pavlovian fear conditioning: stimulus processing versus response expression. Behav Neurosci. 2003 Feb; 117(1):3-10. Cheng DT, Knight DC, Smith CN, Stein EA, Helmstetter FJ. PMID: 12619902.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 70     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Functional MRI of human Pavlovian fear conditioning: patterns of activation as a function of learning. Neuroreport. 1999 Nov 26; 10(17):3665-70. Knight DC, Smith CN, Stein EA, Helmstetter FJ. PMID: 10619663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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