Table 5.
Summary of SES – CVD life course studies using a cumulative SES design
|
1st Author, year & reference number Study name |
Cumulative SES measure(s) | Variables adjusted for other than age | CVD risk factor(s) / outcomes measured |
| Davey-Smith 1997 [82] Collaborative Study |
Sum of # of times at mnl vs. non-mnl SES using father's, own first, & own current occup class | BMI, DBP, FEV1, cholesterol, smoking, AP, ischemia, more | CVD, mortality, AP, smoking, BMI, DBP, cholesterol, more |
| Heslop 2001 [81] Collaborative Study |
Sum of # of times at mnl vs. non-mnl SES using father's, own first, & own current class | DBP, BMI, FEV1, cholesterol, activity, smoking, alcohol | CVD mortality, DBP, BMI, FEV1, exercise, smoking, alcohol, more |
| Wamala 2001 [45] Stockholm Study |
Sum of # of instances (0–6) of SES disadvantage (large family, born last, low edu, blue-collar/ housewife, economic hardship) | Height, HDL, HTN, marriage, fibrinogen, obesity, smoking, more | Cases: CHD event (acute MI, unstable/ recurrent AP) |
| Davey-Smith 2002 [52] Collaborative Study |
Sum of # of risks (0–6): Father mnl SES, left edu at < 15 years, current mnl SES, smoking, high alcohol, high deprivation area | None | CVD mortality |
| Lawlor 2002 [68] British Women's Heart Study |
Cross-classification of father's longest occup and current occup (RG, mnl/non-mnl) | None | Insulin resistance, HTN, smoking, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, BMI, more |
| Claussen 2003 [53] Oslo Mortality Study |
Early life: Index of housing conditions (scored 0–7) Adulthood: standardized income (7 groups) | None | CVD mortality |
| Pensola 2003 [79] Finnish census cohort |
Sum of # of times in mnl vs. non-mnl class, by father's occup & own occup at 30–34 | None | CVD mortality |
AP = Angina pectoris; BMI = Body mass index; CHD = Coronary heart disease; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; Edu = Education; FEV1 = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HTN = Hypertension; MI = Myocardial infarction; Mnl = Manual occupational class; Non-mnl = Non-manual occupational class; Occup = Occupation; RG = Registrar General's social class categories.