Table 2.
Anthropometric, body mass, body composition and energy expenditure changes for the high energy, high carbohydrate diet + exercise (HED; 2,600: 55:15:30), no diet + exercise (ND), very low carbohydrate, high protein diet + exercise (VLCHP: 1,200; 63:7:30), low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet + exercise (LCMP: 1,200; 50:20:30), high carbohydrate, low protein diet + exercise (HCLP: 1,200; 55:15:30).
| P-value | |||||
| Variable | Group | Mean | 14 Week Delta | Within Group | G × T |
| Waist (cm) | HED | -2.8 | (-4.3, -1.2)a | <0.001 | <0.05 |
| ND | -5.1 | (-8.8, -1.4)a | <0.05 | ||
| VLCHP | -6.3 | (-8.7, -3.8)a | <0.001 | ||
| LCMP | -6.7 | (-8.7, -4.8)a | <0.001 | ||
| HCLP | -5.7 | (-7.5, -3.9)a | <0.05 | ||
| CON | 8.2 | (+0.3, +16.1) | 0.16 | ||
| Body Mass (kg) | HED | -1.3 | (-3.2, +0.7)c | 0.26 | <0.001 |
| ND | -0.2 | (-1.0, +0.6) | 0.51 | ||
| VLCHP | -5.6 | (- 7.0, -4.3)a, b | <0.001 | ||
| LCMP | -6.5 | (-10.4, -2.6)a, b | <0.01 | ||
| HCLP | -4.0 | (-5.0, -3.0)a, b | <0.001 | ||
| CON | 1.4 | (-0.4, +3.2) | 0.28 | ||
| DXA Fat-Free Mass (kg) | HED | -0.1 | (-0.7, +0.4) | 0.36 | <0.05 |
| ND | 0.1 | (-0.6, +0.7) | 0.81 | ||
| VLCHP | -1.3 | (-1.8, -0.7) | <0.001 | ||
| LCMP | -1.1 | (-1.6, -0.6) | <0.001 | ||
| HCLP | -0.6 | (-1.1, -0.1) | <0.001 | ||
| CON | 0.5 | (-0.8, +1.8) | 0.62 | ||
| DXA Fat Mass (kg) | HED | -0.9 | (-2.7, +0.9)d | 0.38 | <0.001 |
| ND | -0.8 | (-1.6, +0.1) | 0.09 | ||
| VLCHP | -4.2 | (-5.2, -3.2)a, b | <0.001 | ||
| LCMP | -2.9 | (-4.0, -1.9)a, b | <0.001 | ||
| HCLP | -2.9 | (-3.8, -2.1)a, b | <0.001 | ||
| CON | 0.3 | (-1.8, +2.4) | 0.85 | ||
| DXA % Fat (%) | HED | -0.6 | (-1.8, +0.6) | 0.42 | 0.21 |
| ND | -0.6 | (-1.3+0.2) | 0.19 | ||
| VLCHP | -2.0 | (-2.7, -1.3) | <0.005 | ||
| LCMP | -1.7 | (-2.4, -0.9) | <0.001 | ||
| HCLP | -2.0 | (-2.6, -1.4) | <0.001 | ||
| CON | 0.0 | (-1.5, +1.5) | 0.96 | ||
| REE (kcals·d-1) | HED | 413 | (+264, +562) | <0.001 | 0.45 |
| ND | 83 | (-5, +135)e | 0.08 | ||
| VLCHP | -37 | (-84, +42)e | 0.06 | ||
| LCMP | 18 | (-58, +94)e | 0.52 | ||
| HCLP | 90 | (+22, +160)d, e | <0.05 | ||
| CON | -30 | (-105, +63)e | 0.91 | ||
Dietary intake is presented as energy (i.e. calories) intake: % carbohydrate: protein: fat. All data is presented as the mean plus the 95% confidence intervals for the delta response at week 14. Main effects for time are provided as within-group P-values. Group × time interaction effects are provided as GxT P-values. Significance level was set at 0.05.
aDifferent than CON, P < 0.05, bDifferent from ND, P < 0.05, cDifferent from LCMP, P < 0.05, dDifferent than VLCHP, P < 0.05, eDifferent from HED, P < 0.05.