# Hook exécuté avant l’utilisation d’un outil

Le onPreToolUse hook est appelé avant l’exécution d’un outil. Utilisez-le pour :

<!-- markdownlint-disable GHD046 GHD005 -->

<!-- Suppressed: GHD046 (outdated release terminology), GHD005 (hardcoded data variable) -->

* Approuver ou refuser l’exécution de l’outil
* Modifier les arguments de l’outil
* Ajouter un contexte pour l’outil
* Supprimer la sortie de l’outil de la conversation

## Signature du hook

<div class="ghd-codetabs">
<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="typescript" data-label="TypeScript"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">TypeScript</div>

```typescript
import type { PreToolUseHookInput, HookInvocation, PreToolUseHookOutput } from "@github/copilot-sdk";
type PreToolUseHandler = (
  input: PreToolUseHookInput,
  invocation: HookInvocation
) => Promise<PreToolUseHookOutput | null | undefined>;
```

```typescript
type PreToolUseHandler = (
  input: PreToolUseHookInput,
  invocation: HookInvocation
) => Promise<PreToolUseHookOutput | null | undefined>;
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="python" data-label="Python"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Python</div>

```python
from copilot.session import PreToolUseHookInput, PreToolUseHookOutput
from typing import Callable, Awaitable

PreToolUseHandler = Callable[
    [PreToolUseHookInput, dict[str, str]],
    Awaitable[PreToolUseHookOutput | None]
]
```

```python
PreToolUseHandler = Callable[
    [PreToolUseHookInput, dict[str, str]],
    Awaitable[PreToolUseHookOutput | None]
]
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="go" data-label="Go"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Go</div>

```golang
package main

import copilot "github.com/github/copilot-sdk/go"

type PreToolUseHandler func(
    input copilot.PreToolUseHookInput,
    invocation copilot.HookInvocation,
) (*copilot.PreToolUseHookOutput, error)

func main() {}
```

```golang
type PreToolUseHandler func(
    input PreToolUseHookInput,
    invocation HookInvocation,
) (*PreToolUseHookOutput, error)
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="dotnet" data-label=".NET"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">.NET</div>

```csharp
using GitHub.Copilot;

public delegate Task<PreToolUseHookOutput?> PreToolUseHandler(
    PreToolUseHookInput input,
    HookInvocation invocation);
```

```csharp
public delegate Task<PreToolUseHookOutput?> PreToolUseHandler(
    PreToolUseHookInput input,
    HookInvocation invocation);
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="java" data-label="Java"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Java</div>

```java
import com.github.copilot.sdk.json.*;

PreToolUseHandler preToolUseHandler;
```

</div>

</div>

## Input

| Champ       | Catégorie | Description                                     |
| ----------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| `timestamp` | Numéro    | Horodatage Unix lorsque le hook a été déclenché |
| `cwd`       | string    | Répertoire de travail actuel                    |
| `toolName`  | string    | Nom de l’outil appelé                           |
| `toolArgs`  | Objet     | Arguments passés à l’outil                      |

## Sortie

Retournez `null` ou `undefined` autorisez l’outil à s’exécuter sans aucune modification. Sinon, retournez un objet avec l’un de ces champs :

| Champ                                     | Catégorie | Description                                                             |
| ----------------------------------------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `permissionDecision`                      |           |                                                                         |
| `"allow"`                                 |           |                                                                         |
| \|                                        |           |                                                                         |
| `"deny"`                                  |           |                                                                         |
| \|                                        |           |                                                                         |
| `"ask"`                                   |           |                                                                         |
| Si l’on doit autoriser l’appel de l’outil |           |                                                                         |
| `permissionDecisionReason`                | string    | Explication présentée à l’utilisateur (pour refuser/demander)           |
| `modifiedArgs`                            | Objet     | Arguments modifiés pour passer à l’outil                                |
| `additionalContext`                       | string    | Contexte supplémentaire injecté dans la conversation                    |
| `suppressOutput`                          | booléen   | Si c’est vrai, la sortie de l’outil n’apparaît pas dans la conversation |

### Décisions d’autorisation

| Décision  | Behavior                                               |
| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| `"allow"` | L’outil s’exécute normalement                          |
| `"deny"`  | L’outil est bloqué, raison indiquée à l’utilisateur    |
| `"ask"`   | L’utilisateur est invité à approuver (mode interactif) |

## Exemples

### Autoriser tous les outils (journalisation uniquement)

<div class="ghd-codetabs">
<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="typescript" data-label="TypeScript"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">TypeScript</div>

```typescript
const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input, invocation) => {
      console.log(`[${invocation.sessionId}] Calling ${input.toolName}`);
      console.log(`  Args: ${JSON.stringify(input.toolArgs)}`);
      return { permissionDecision: "allow" };
    },
  },
});
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="python" data-label="Python"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Python</div>

```python
from copilot.session import PermissionHandler

async def on_pre_tool_use(input_data, invocation):
    print(f"[{invocation['session_id']}] Calling {input_data['toolName']}")
    print(f"  Args: {input_data['toolArgs']}")
    return {"permissionDecision": "allow"}

session = await client.create_session(on_permission_request=PermissionHandler.approve_all, hooks={"on_pre_tool_use": on_pre_tool_use})
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="go" data-label="Go"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Go</div>

```golang
package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    copilot "github.com/github/copilot-sdk/go"
)

func main() {
    client := copilot.NewClient(nil)
    session, _ := client.CreateSession(context.Background(), &copilot.SessionConfig{
        OnPermissionRequest: copilot.PermissionHandler.ApproveAll,
        Hooks: &copilot.SessionHooks{
            OnPreToolUse: func(input copilot.PreToolUseHookInput, inv copilot.HookInvocation) (*copilot.PreToolUseHookOutput, error) {
                fmt.Printf("[%s] Calling %s\n", inv.SessionID, input.ToolName)
                fmt.Printf("  Args: %v\n", input.ToolArgs)
                return &copilot.PreToolUseHookOutput{
                    PermissionDecision: "allow",
                }, nil
            },
        },
    })
    _ = session
}
```

```golang
session, _ := client.CreateSession(context.Background(), &copilot.SessionConfig{
    Hooks: &copilot.SessionHooks{
        OnPreToolUse: func(input copilot.PreToolUseHookInput, inv copilot.HookInvocation) (*copilot.PreToolUseHookOutput, error) {
            fmt.Printf("[%s] Calling %s\n", inv.SessionID, input.ToolName)
            fmt.Printf("  Args: %v\n", input.ToolArgs)
            return &copilot.PreToolUseHookOutput{
                PermissionDecision: "allow",
            }, nil
        },
    },
})
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="dotnet" data-label=".NET"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">.NET</div>

```csharp
using GitHub.Copilot;

public static class PreToolUseExample
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        await using var client = new CopilotClient();
        var session = await client.CreateSessionAsync(new SessionConfig
        {
            Hooks = new SessionHooks
            {
                OnPreToolUse = (input, invocation) =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"[{invocation.SessionId}] Calling {input.ToolName}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"  Args: {input.ToolArgs}");
                    return Task.FromResult<PreToolUseHookOutput?>(
                        new PreToolUseHookOutput { PermissionDecision = "allow" }
                    );
                },
            },
        });
    }
}
```

```csharp
var session = await client.CreateSessionAsync(new SessionConfig
{
    Hooks = new SessionHooks
    {
        OnPreToolUse = (input, invocation) =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"[{invocation.SessionId}] Calling {input.ToolName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"  Args: {input.ToolArgs}");
            return Task.FromResult<PreToolUseHookOutput?>(
                new PreToolUseHookOutput { PermissionDecision = "allow" }
            );
        },
    },
});
```

</div>

<div class="ghd-codetab" data-lang="java" data-label="Java"><div class="ghd-codetab-fallback-label" role="heading" aria-level="3">Java</div>

```java
import com.github.copilot.sdk.*;
import com.github.copilot.sdk.json.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

var hooks = new SessionHooks()
    .setOnPreToolUse((input, invocation) -> {
        System.out.println("[" + invocation.getSessionId() + "] Calling " + input.getToolName());
        System.out.println("  Args: " + input.getToolArgs());
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(PreToolUseHookOutput.allow());
    });

var session = client.createSession(
    new SessionConfig()
        .setOnPermissionRequest(PermissionHandler.APPROVE_ALL)
        .setHooks(hooks)
).get();
```

</div>

</div>

### Bloquer des outils spécifiques

```typescript
const BLOCKED_TOOLS = ["shell", "bash", "write_file", "delete_file"];

const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input) => {
      if (BLOCKED_TOOLS.includes(input.toolName)) {
        return {
          permissionDecision: "deny",
          permissionDecisionReason: `Tool '${input.toolName}' is not permitted in this environment`,
        };
      }
      return { permissionDecision: "allow" };
    },
  },
});
```

### Modifier les arguments de l’outil

```typescript
const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input) => {
      // Add a default timeout to all shell commands
      if (input.toolName === "shell" && input.toolArgs) {
        const args = input.toolArgs as { command: string; timeout?: number };
        return {
          permissionDecision: "allow",
          modifiedArgs: {
            ...args,
            timeout: args.timeout ?? 30000, // Default 30s timeout
          },
        };
      }
      return { permissionDecision: "allow" };
    },
  },
});
```

### Restreindre l’accès aux fichiers à des répertoires spécifiques

```typescript
const ALLOWED_DIRECTORIES = ["/home/user/projects", "/tmp"];

const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input) => {
      if (input.toolName === "read_file" || input.toolName === "write_file") {
        const args = input.toolArgs as { path: string };
        const isAllowed = ALLOWED_DIRECTORIES.some(dir => 
          args.path.startsWith(dir)
        );
        
        if (!isAllowed) {
          return {
            permissionDecision: "deny",
            permissionDecisionReason: `Access to '${args.path}' is not permitted. Allowed directories: ${ALLOWED_DIRECTORIES.join(", ")}`,
          };
        }
      }
      return { permissionDecision: "allow" };
    },
  },
});
```

### Réduire la sortie verbeuse de l’outil

```typescript
const VERBOSE_TOOLS = ["list_directory", "search_files"];

const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input) => {
      return {
        permissionDecision: "allow",
        suppressOutput: VERBOSE_TOOLS.includes(input.toolName),
      };
    },
  },
});
```

### Ajouter un contexte basé sur l’outil

```typescript
const session = await client.createSession({
  hooks: {
    onPreToolUse: async (input) => {
      if (input.toolName === "query_database") {
        return {
          permissionDecision: "allow",
          additionalContext: "Remember: This database uses PostgreSQL syntax. Always use parameterized queries.",
        };
      }
      return { permissionDecision: "allow" };
    },
  },
});
```

## Bonnes pratiques

1. **Retournez toujours une décision** : renvoyer `null` autorise l’outil, mais utiliser explicitement `{ permissionDecision: "allow" }` est plus clair.

2. **Fournir des raisons de refus utiles** : lorsque vous refusez, expliquez pourquoi les utilisateurs comprennent :

   ```typescript
   return {
     permissionDecision: "deny",
     permissionDecisionReason: "Shell commands require approval. Please describe what you want to accomplish.",
   };
   ```

3. **Soyez prudent lors de la modification des arguments** - Assurez-vous que les arguments modifiés conservent le schéma attendu pour l’outil.

4. **Tenez compte des performances** - Les hooks de pré-outil s’exécutent de manière synchrone avant chaque appel d’outil. Gardez-les rapidement.

5. **Utiliser `suppressOutput` judicieusement** : la suppression de la sortie signifie que le modèle ne verra pas le résultat, ce qui peut affecter la qualité de la conversation.

## Voir aussi

* [Utiliser des crochets](/fr/copilot/how-tos/copilot-sdk/hooks)
* [Hook exécuté après l’utilisation d’un outil](/fr/copilot/how-tos/copilot-sdk/hooks/post-tool-use)
* [Guide de débogage](/fr/copilot/how-tos/copilot-sdk/troubleshooting/debugging)